The consequences of climate change for ecosystem structure and function remain largely unknown. Here, I examine the ability of climate variation to explain long-term changes in bird and plant populations, as well as trophic interactions in a high-elevation riparian system in central Arizona, USA, based on 20 years of study. Abundances of dominant deciduous trees have declined dramatically over ...

Identifying locations where onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), overwinter and subsequently disperse is important for designing control strategies. In upstate New York from 2003 through 2006, potential overwintering sites in the commercial onion, Allium cepa L., cropping system were investigated early in the spring before onion seedling emergence and again late in th...

Diptera are vectors of major human and animal pathogens worldwide, such as dengue, West-Nile or bluetongue viruses. In seasonal environments, vector-borne disease occurrence varies with the seasonal variations of vector abundance. We aimed at understanding how diptera-borne viruses can persist for years under seasonal climates while vectors overwinter, which should stop pathogen transmission du...

BACKGROUND The circulation of West Nile virus and Usutu virus was detected in the Emilia-Romagna region in 2008 and 2009. To evaluate the extent of circulation of both viruses, environmental surveillance, based on bird and mosquito testing, was conducted in 2008 and gradually improved over the years. METHODS In February-March 2009-2011, 5,993 hibernating mosquitoes were manually sampled, out ...

An 18-year database of coral reef fish expatriation poleward in South East Australia was used to estimate persistence of coal reef fish recruits on temperate reefs. Surveys have identified over 150 coral reef fish species recruiting to temperate reefs at latitudes of 34S (Sydney) and 60 species to 37S (Merimbula) with 20 and 5 species respectively overwintering in at least 1 year over the study...

the first damage of sugar beet ladybird was (bulaea lichatschovi hum.) reported in 1972 from south of russia. in iran, the first report of high damage of this insect on the leaves was reported from sugar beet fields of karaj in 1962. adult ladybird is reddish bown with 3.5-4.5 mm length. thorax has 6 black points. on elytres there are 20 blackish brown spots. the ventral body is black. the ante...