BACKGROUND Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, known by such popular names as "gold-of-pleasure" and "false flax," is an alternative oilseed crop for biofuel production and can be grown in harsh environments. Considerable interest is now being given to the new concept of the development of a fusion plant which can be used as a soil remediation plant for ground contaminated by heavy metals as well as a...

The dual toxicity/essentiality of copper forces cells to maintain a tightly regulated homeostasis for this metal in all living organisms, from bacteria to humans. Consequently, many genes have previously been reported to participate in copper detoxification in bacteria. Myxococcus xanthus, a prokaryote, encodes many proteins involved in copper homeostasis that are differentially regulated by th...

Sediments recovered at ODP Site 1262 on Walvis Ridge (eastern South Atlantic Ocean, paleodepth ∼2500–3000 m) offer an opportunity to look into the nature and cause(s) of the benthic foraminiferal turnover across the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary at abyssal depths at a location relatively remote from the location of the asteroid impact on the Yucatan peninsula. Late Maastrichtian assembla...

CONSPECTUS: The human innate immune system has evolved the means to reduce the bioavailability of first-row late d-block transition metal ions to invading microbial pathogens in a process termed "nutritional immunity". Transition metals from Mn(II) to Zn(II) function as metalloenzyme cofactors in all living cells, and the successful pathogen is capable of mounting an adaptive response to mitiga...

New Insights into CNS Requirements for the Copper-ATPase, ATP7A 2 Sharon La Fontaine 3 4 1 Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for 5 Molecular and Medical Research and Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Burwood, VIC. 6 3125, Australia. 7 2 The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC. 3052, Australia. 8 9 Cor...

Introduction Small rnas are important regulators of gene expression that operate through a range of rna-silencing mechanisms. of these, rna interference (rnai)—gene silencing through small-interfering rnas (sirnas) derived from exogenous double-stranded rna (dsrna)—and the microrna (mirna) pathway—gene silencing guided by small rnas encoded in the genome—are the best known. the discovery that d...

the aim of this research is to report the results of testing of the pv-26 pyro-techniques materials and to report the operating conditions of a cloud and an aerosol chambers and also to introduce and describe these chambers of national research center of cloud seeding in iran for further researches. the effect of ice nuclei produced by pv-26 pyro-techniques on artificial clouds has been surveye...

This article critically reflects on the ways in which the global project of transitional justice is channelled or streamlined in its scope of application. Using the categories of when, to whom and for what transitional justice applies, it argues that transitional justice is typically constructed to focus on specific sets of actors for specific sets of crimes. This results in a fairly narrow int...

COPPER IS INDISPENSABLE for development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). This is dramatically illustrated by the severe neuropathological deficits in Menkes disease, an X-linked copper deficiency disorder resulting from mutation of the gene that encodes an essential copper transporting P1B-type ATPase, ATP7A. Since its discovery over two decades ago, the role of ATP7A in copper...