BACKGROUND Prehospital volume therapy remains widely used after trauma, while evidence regarding its disadvantages is growing. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the volume administered in a prehospital setting as an independent risk factor for mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients who met the following criteria were analyzed retrospectively: Injury Severity Score=16, p...

A study was made of human embryos at the end of 8 weeks and foetuses aged 9 weeks. It was shown that at the beginning of the foetal period the cortical plate, which is the primordium of the neocortex, covers the whole surface of the cerebral hemisphere. The plate consists of 8-12 rows of densely packed cells. Below the cortical plate is the subplate.

SUMMARY A 'switchover' from synthesis of predominantly embryonic hemoglobin to synthesis of predominantly adult hemoglobin occurs during differentiation of the house sparrow. This 'switchover' is demonstrated by a change in electrophoretic pattern generally comparable with that of the chicken, slightly different from those of the duck and man, and, perhaps, dissimilar to that of the red-wing bl...

background: red blood cell and other blood products play a crucial role in management of different disease processes, but in spite of implementation of crucial steps to improve the process of request for blood and blood consumption, there is still not enough information available regarding the proper practice in many medical centres. we aimed to evaluate the status of blood product requests and...

Values for hemoglobin, erythrocytes, volume of packed cells, leucocytes, and their distribution, and red blood cell diameter are presented as determined on a group of 114 hamsters of both sexes and of various ages.