OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to analyse the role of alcohol consumption on lung cancer risk in people who have never smoked. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature following the PRISMA statement. We searched Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL using different combinations of MeSH terms and free text. We included cohort studies, pooled cohort studies and ...

BACKGROUND Imprisoned pregnant women constitute an important obstetric group about whom relatively little is known. This systematic review was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcome present in this group of women. METHODS The review was conducted according to a prespecified protocol. Studies of any design were included if they described information on...

in recent years, medical and health care consumption has risen, making health risk an important determinant of household spending and welfare. we aimed to examine the determinants of medical and health care expenditure to help policy-makers in the improvement of china's health care system, benefiting the country, society and every household. this paper employs panel data from china's provinces ...

BACKGROUND Alcohol education aims to increase knowledge on the harm related to alcohol, and to change attitudes and drinking behaviour. However, little (lasting) evidence has been found for alcohol education, in changing alcohol-related attitudes and behaviour. Social marketing uses marketing techniques to achieve a social or healthy goal, and can be used in alcohol education. Social marketing ...

A number of studies of time to water source (TTWS) and quantity of water used at the household level have found that when round trip TTWS is within 30 minutes, which is equivalent to 1 km each way if the average person walks at 4 km/hour, water use is relatively inelastic. However, for sources greater than 30 minutes or 1 km away, water consumption decreases. 3– 5 The studies included in this r...

A systematic review of the literature to assess the effectiveness of alcohol tax policy interventions for reducing excessive alcohol consumption and related harms was conducted for the Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide). Seventy-two papers or technical reports, which were published prior to July 2005, met specified quality criteria, and included evaluation outcomes relevan...

BACKGROUND Studies have found a positive effect of low/moderate alcohol consumption on wages. This has often been explained by referring to epidemiological research showing that alcohol has protective effects on certain diseases, i.e., the health link is normally justified using selected epidemiological information. Few papers have tested this link between alcohol and health explicitly, includi...

BACKGROUND Male alcohol consumption is one of the accepted risk factors for intimate partner violence. The aim of this study is to assess the magnitude of the association between male alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence against women and the quality of the evidence of published papers exploring this relationship empirically. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of quantit...

Papers in this Thesis Paper I " Role of MAO-A genotype & psychosocial factors in male adolescent criminal activity " , Paper II " Role of the serotonin transporter gene and family function in adolescent alcohol consumption " , Paper III " Development of depression: sex and the interaction between environment and promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene " , Paper IV " Adolescent g...

A systematic review of the literature on the effects of water and sanitation in schools was performed. The goal was to characterize the impacts of water and sanitation inadequacies in the academic environment. Published peer reviewed literature was screened and articles that documented the provision of water and sanitation at schools were considered. Forty-one peer-reviewed papers met the crite...