A “scoring rule” is an assignment of a value to every tuple (of varying sizes). This paper is concerned with the issue of how to modify a scoring rule to apply to the case where weights are assigned to the importance of each argument. We give an explicit formula for incorporating weights that can be applied no matter what the underlying scoring rule is. The formula is surprisingly simple, in th...

The effects of cutting edge shapes on the phenomena of rubbing and ploughing in nano-abrasive machining were investigated. The shapes under investigation include flat, spherical and trapezoidal shapes. The tool with the flat end geometry shows a fast initiation of ploughing, because it has the largest surface area to engage more atoms. It doesn’t show rubbing phenomenon at the (initial) depth o...

The main aim of this paper is to give an axiomatic characterization of the interval Baker-Thompson rule.

A generalized trapezoid rule is derived. Various error bounds for this rule are established. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. MSC: 26D15; 65D30

An extension of the standard rationing model is introduced. Agents are not only identified by their respective claims on some amount of a scarce resource, but also by some exogenous ex-ante conditions (characteristics), different from claims (e.g., endowments, entitlements, wealth, obligations, assets). Inequalities in the ex-ante conditions induce compensations between agents which influence t...

Hanging to the trapezoidal sheet by a very widespread solution used in civil engineering to lead the distribution of energy, sanitary, air distribution system etc. under the roof or floor structure. The trapezoidal decking part of the whole installation system for specific distribution medium. The leading companies offer installation systems for each specific distribution e.g. pipe rings, sprin...

The variance of fuzzy random variables often appears in fuzzy random programming problems. Based on the definition of the variance of a fuzzy random variable, this paper attempts to deduce several formulas for the variances of trapezoidal fuzzy random variables, in which the randomness is characterized by uniform distribution. Firstly, we give the moment formulas for trapezoidal fuzzy variables...

In this paper, we present a new prioritization method for information fusion under fuzzy environment. We propose a new measure to measure the similarity between generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Based on the proposed similarity measure, we develop an utility function of generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. With the utility function of generalized trapezoidal fuzzy numbers, we propose a n...

In some cases, our uncertainty about about a quantity can be described by an interval of its possible values. If we have two or more pieces of interval information about the same quantity, then we can conclude that the actual value belongs to the intersection of these intervals. In general, we may need a fuzzy number to represent our partial knowledge. A fuzzy number can be viewed as a collecti...

We show that the E +-class can be decided by a liftable order, when it is applied a posteriori. This is a surprising result, because the E +-class was one of the motivations for the study of non-liftable orders. Also surprising is the behaviour of the resolution process. Initially the variable depth of the clauses may grow, but it will not grow deeper than a certain bound. We do not make use of...