BACKGROUND Intraoperative identification of parathyroid adenomas can be challenging. We hypothesized that low-doses methylene blue (MB) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging could be used to identify parathyroid adenomas intraoperatively. METHODS MB was injected intravenously after exploration at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg into 12 patients who underwent parathyroid surgery. NIRF imaging was ...

Primary Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is an inappropriate hyper secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Primary HPT is caused by parathyroid adenoma in 80-85% of patients. Clinical manifestations are kidney stones, abdominal groans, painful bones, psychic moans, and fatigue overtones. Ultrasonography is widely used in suspected cases for localization of parathyroid adenoma. There is considerable in...

Parathyroid cell hyperplasia is commonly observed in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and largely accounts for refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism. Calcimimetics are newly synthesized compounds that activate a calcium receptor on the parathyroid cell and can suppress parathyroid hormone secretion. The calcimimetic compound AMG 073 has been examined in clinical trials, and the data...

Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare malignancy, and only accounts for 0.5-2% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. Less than 10% of parathyroid carcinomas are non-functional, and as such, they have been rarely reported in the literature. Importantly, margin status at resection is related to prognosis, and only a handful of case reports of non-functional carcinoma note this important parameter. H...

Human parathyroid hormone has been isolated in highly purified form from human parathyroid adenomas. The primary sequence of the amino-terminal 34 residues of the human hormone was obtained by automated degradation with a Beckman Sequencer. The phenylthiohydantoin amino acids were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The first 34 residues of human parathyroid hormone differ f...

Parathyroid cysts are rare lesions found in the neck and anterior mediastinum. They are often nonfunctional (>90%) and rarely in the functional form. This paper discusses a case of severe hypercalcemia (23 mg/dL) secondary to a rare functional parathyroid cyst. The patient was later found to have a hemorrhagic cyst with compression of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. Preoperative diagnosis ...

Parathyroid hormone increased basal adenyl cyclase activity and that increase was inhibited by prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)). Tissue cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) concentrations were increased by parathyroid hormone and that increase was likewise inhibited by PGE(1). Both parathyroid hormone and dibutyryl cyclic AMP increased (32)P incorporation into renal cortical phospholipi...

Introduction: Although co-occurring thyroid pathologies are common in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, synchronous parathyroid and differentiated thyroid carcinoma is a rare situation. Case: A 65-year-old woman presented to our endocrinology clinic for evaluation of hypercalcemia. She had an albumin-corrected serum calcium (Ca) concentration of 12.4 mg/dl (normal, 8.6-10 mg/dl), serum...

BACKGROUND Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an endocrine disorder most commonly affecting women, suggesting a role for female hormones and/or their receptors in parathyroid adenomas. We here investigated the prolactin receptor (PRLr) which is associated with tumours of the breast and other organs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS PRLr expression was investigated in a panel of 37 patients w...

BACKGROUND Parathyroid adenomas constitute the most common entity in primary hyperparathyroidism, and although recent advances have been made regarding the underlying genetic cause of these lesions, very little data on epigenetic alterations in this tumour type exists. In this study, we have determined the levels of promoter methylation regarding the four tumour suppressor genes APC, RASSF1A, p...