OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the embolic activity in patients with calcified aortic stenosis who underwent aortic valve replacement using intra-aortic filtration with an EMBOL-X System device (Edwards Lifesciences Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA). METHODS From January 2007 to July 2007, 13 consecutive patients with calcified aortic stenosis, who underwent isolated aortic valve replacemen...

Drinking water disinfection provides the final barrier to transmission of a wide variety of potentially waterborne infectious agents including pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. These agents differ greatly in their innate resistance to inactivation by disinfectants, ranging from extremely sensitive bacteria to highly resistant protozoan cysts. The close similarity between microorganism...

Differential filtration was used to measure silver (>2 nm) entering and leaving nine sewage treatment plants (STPs). The mean concentration of colloidal (2-450 nm) silver, which includes nanosilver, was found to be 12 ng L(-1) in the influent and 6 ng L(-1) in the effluent. For particulate silver (>450 nm) the mean values were 3.3 μg L(-1) for influent and 0.08 μg L(-1) for effluent. Thus, remo...

In 1884, Metchnikoff (1) presented his studies of phagocytosis and concluded that the process was a general reaction that removed particulate matter from the circulation. Highly mobile cells, the polymorphonuclear leukocytes, were observed to ingest microorganisms and other particulate matter, such as pus, corpuscular elements of extravasated blood, and foreign cells. In addition to these circu...

Statistical analysis of water quality parameters including trace metal speciation was undertaken with a view to seeing the interrelationship between different variables and also to identify probable source components in order to explain the pollution status of Chennai Ennore coastal environmental system. Factor analysis has been used in the present work. This is essentially a data reduction tec...

1. The effects of repetitive treatment of rat liver mitochondria with digitonin were examined. The first treatment results in the removal of the outer membrane. Almost all the NADH-cytochrome c reductase (rotenone-insensitive) is lost whereas the major portions of the soluble and bound enzymes are retained. One exception appears to be the cytochromes, which undergo somewhat larger losses. The r...

Danish model trout farms (MTFs) use stream-like constructed wetlands for effluent polishing, and the industry is keen to improve wetland removal efficiency. To facilitate this, we examined longitudinal seasonal nutrient removals in an MTF with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.7 d, free water surface (FWS) area 7510 m 2 , volume 6008 3 . Biweekly, 24-h composite samples were obtained 1 yr a...

This study investigated the i) kinetics, and ii) proportion of photolysis of 30 relatively stable active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) during artificial UV irradiation for 28 d in ammonium acetate buffer, filtered and unfiltered river water. Buffer was included to control removal kinetics under stable pH conditions and without particulate matter. Dark controls were used to determine removal...