Immune checkpoint blockade therapy using antibodies against programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is revolutionizing cancer treatment (1-3). These antibodies provide long-term durable responses for patients with various types of advanced cancers, such as melanoma, non–small-cell lung cancer, kidney cancer, and Hodgkin lymphoma (1-3). Accumulating evidence suggests that these ...

Palladium nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Pd/MWCNTs) have been synthesized using a modified polyol reduction method and its performance in methanol oxidation reactions has evaluated. The morphology of palladium on MWCNTs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The catalytic performance of synthesized catalyst ...

Checkpoint blockades turn on a new paradigm shift in immunotherapy for cancer. Remarkable clinical efficacy, durable response and low toxicity of programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockades have been observed in various malignancies. However, a lot of cancer patients failed to respond to the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockades. It is crucial to identify a biomar...