A rare case of three muscle anomalies in the pectoral region was discovered during routine dissection of an 85-year-old female cadaver. The muscle anomalies include the congenital partial absence of the pectoralis major muscle, a sternalis muscle, and a pectoralis quartus muscle. All three variants presented on the right side. The pectoralis major muscle demonstrated a normal clavicular head bu...

Pectoralis major muscle tears are relatively rare injuries that primarily occur while lifting weights, particularly when doing a bench press. Complete ruptures are most commonly avulsions at or near the humeral insertion. Ruptures at the musculo-tendinous junction and intramuscular tears usually are caused by a direct blow. The patient may hear a snap at the time of injury and report pain, weak...

OBJECTIVE This study aims to report the use of the unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap for the treatment of the sternal wound dehiscence. METHODS A retrospective study including patients who underwent unilateral pectoralis major muscle flap was performed for the treatment of sternotomy dehiscence due to coronary artery bypass, valve replacement, congenital heart disease correction and med...

INTRODUCTION Many case reports have described anatomical variants of the pectoralis muscles. However, there is a paucity of published literature on the consequence of such presentations in reconstructive breast surgery. METHODS A 45-year-old female patient with breast cancer presented for left mastectomy and immediate reconstruction with tissue expander. During mastectomy, she was noted to ha...

Two patients presented with pain in the arm and a radiographic lesion of the upper humerus which warranted surgical exploration and excision biopsy. In both cases the pathology was inflammatory and involved the insertion of pectoralis major. Tendinitis of the pectoralis major with an associated lesion of the humerus has not previously been described.

Introduction Customary dissection in the Physical Therapy Anatomy Laboratory yielded a unilateral left-sided pectoral variation in a single cadaver. The cadaver was a 60-yearold Caucasian male. The variant included two separate thoracic wall muscles between the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles. One muscle was identified as a pectoralis quartus and the other as an accessory thoracic...

A novel method for the control of a myoelectric upper limb prosthesis was achieved in a patient with bilateral amputations at the shoulder disarticulation level. Four independently controlled nerve-muscle units were created by surgically anastomosing residual brachial plexus nerves to dissected and divided aspects of the pectoralis major and minor muscles. The musculocutaneous nerve was anastom...

The pectoralis major myocutaneous pedicle flap (PMMF) is still being used by many surgeons and plays an important role in head and neck reconstruction. The purpose of this series was to review our 10 years’ experience with the PMMF in head and neck reconstruction. One hundred and two patients who underwent the PMMF technique were reviewed on the clinical records. Postoperative complications wer...

Scapular dysfunction is a relatively common orthopaedic problem, resulting from a variety of conditions that includes deconditioning and primary shoulder pathology. In most patients, rehabilitation leads to a resolution of symptoms. Occasionally, scapular winging (Figure 1) is refractory to nonsurgical treatment. In most of these patients, scapular winging results from serratus anterior dysfunc...

BACKGROUND Donor site morbidity of pectoralis major pedicled flap (PMPF) is scarcely studied. METHODS A cross-sectional study on patients who underwent reconstructive surgery with a PMPF at least 6 months before was performed. Patients with a similar type neck dissection on both sides and PMPF on one side (n = 9) were assigned to group 1; patients with neck dissection and PMPF (n = 26) were a...