Polyethylene glycol (Klean-Prep, Norgine) is widely used for bowel cleansing in the United Kingdom. This study compares the efficacy, acceptability and adverse effects of a polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution with sodium phosphate (Fleet Phospho-soda, De Witt) for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. Two hundred and nine consecutive patients were prospectively randomised to either PEG or sodi...

We investigate the ability of a cationic comb polymer composed of a poly(trimethylammonium iodide ethyl methacrylate) (PTMAM) backbone and uncharged poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) teeth to stabilize aqueous silica suspensions of varying ionic strength and pH. Both PTMAM-g-PEG and its homopolymer backbone, PTMAM, are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer followed by quate...

Purpose We investigated the possibility of the nanocomplex of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and catechin as a new biomedical material to treat dry eye disease. Methods NOD.B10.H2b mice were exposed to an air draft and injected with scopolamine for 10 days. Ten days later, the mice were treated with normal saline (n = 11), 1% catechin (n = 11), 1% PEG (n = 11), and 1% catechin/PEG nanocomplex so...

The effect of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) dissolved at various concentrations (0-40% v/v) in water, on the interfacial transport of methyl nicotinate across an aqueous-isopropyl myristate interface was investigated with a rotating diffusion cell. At four temperatures studied (20-37 °C), the presence of PEG decreased the rate of solute transfer both into and out of the organic phase in a conce...

Although polyethylene glycol (PEG) is the most widely used precipitant in protein crystallization, the concentration of co-existing salt in the solution has not been well discussed. To determine the optimum salt concentration range, several kinds of protein were crystallized in a 30% PEG 4000 solution at various NaCl concentrations with various pH levels. It was found that, if crystallization o...

Colloidal stability of antibody solutions, i.e., the propensity of the folded protein to precipitate, is an important consideration in formulation development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. In a protein solution, different pathways including crystallization, colloidal aggregation, and liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) can lead to the formation of precipitates. The kinetics of crystal...

The preparation for video capsule endoscopy (VCE) of the bowel suggested by manufacturers of capsule endoscopy systems consists only of a clear liquid diet and an 8-hour fast. While there is evidence for a benefit from bowel preparation for VCE, so far there is no domestic consensus on the preparation regimen in Korea. Therefore, we performed this study to recommend guidelines for bowel prepara...

The effective treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) is currently limited, and care is primarily supportive. Sialic acid (SA) is main component of Sialyl Lewisx antigen on the mammalian cell surface, which participates in E-selectin binding. Therefore, dexamethasone(DXM)-loaded E-selectin-targeting sialic acid-polyethylene glycol-dexamethasone (SA-PEG-DXM/DXM) conjugate micelles are designed f...

Finding an optimal solution to the 4-peg version of the classic Tower of Hanoi problem has been an open problem since the 19th century, despite the existence of a presumed-optimal solution. We verify that the presumed-optimal Frame-Stewart algorithm for 4-peg Tower of Hanoi is indeed optimal, for up to 20 discs. We also develop a distributed Tower of Hanoi algorithm, and present 2D and 3D repre...

BACKGROUND This study was performed to develop a functional poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG)-bearing amino-active end group for peptide conjugation. METHODS AND RESULTS PLGA was preactivated following by copolymerization with PEG diamine. The resulting amphiphilic PLGA-PEG copolymer bearing 97.0% of amino end groups had a critical micelle concentration of 3.0 × ...