Spectral reflectance within the 350–2500 nm range was measured for 17 pelts of arctic mammals (polar bear, caribou, muskox, and ringed, harp and bearded seals) in relation to snow. Reflectance of all pelts was very low at the ultraviolet (UV) end of the spectrum (<10%), increased through the visual and near infrared, peaking at 40%–60% between 1100 and 1400 nm and then gradually dropped, though...

In this paper, we describe the way to set up the floppy-box Monte Carlo (FBMC) method [L. Filion, M. Marechal, B. van Oorschot, D. Pelt, F. Smallenburg, and M. Dijkstra, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 188302 (2009)] to predict crystal-structure candidates for colloidal particles. The algorithm is explained in detail to ensure that it can be straightforwardly implemented on the basis of this text. The ha...

Due to the high levels of pollution load produced in leather industry, many studies are being conducted replace most hazardous chemicals used. One options is use enzymes which biodegradable and considered environmentally friendly. Hides skins contain non-collagenous substances that require specific remove. The aim study was evaluate effectiveness different enzyme formulations unhairing process ...

In the present research Kuh-e Siah Sections in the Northeast of Shiraz in the Interior Fars, was investigated to study microfacies, sequence stratigraphy, facies analysis and sedimentary environment of Fahliyan Formation. Generally, 345 meters of these sediments were studied by investigating 240 thin sections. In this study, the indicator microfacies were accurately identified which include Mud...

Curing is the first process of skin treatment mainly using sodium chloride salt to prevent its decay. At soaking step tannery, effluents will be discharged environment, which contains ion, negatively affect our environment. Therefore, it should either treated or reused so that can help reduce amount ion effluent environment and cost pickling. This study focused on recycling curing for sheepskin...

The problem of performing a search procedure when some of the answers to queries may be erroneous has been recently investigated by many authors (see [3,4, 2, 11). One of the main questions in this domain was stated by S. M. Ulam [S]: what is the minimal number of yes-no queries sufficient to find an unknown object in an n-element set if at most one answer may be erroneous? This problem was fir...

Latherin is an intrinsically surfactant protein of ~23 kDa found in the sweat and saliva of horses. Its function is probably to enhance the translocation of sweat water from the skin to the surface of the pelt for evaporative cooling. Its role in saliva may be to enhance the wetting, softening and maceration of the dry, fibrous food for which equines are adapted. Latherin is unusual in its rela...

Freek van Ede 1 , Stan van Pelt 1 , Pascal Fries 1,2 , Eric Maris 1 3 1 Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 4 2 Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany 5 6 Corresponding author 7 Eric Maris, PhD 8 Radboud University Nijmegen 9 Donders Inst...

A novel pickle less combination tannage based on nano-SiO2 and oxazolidine as a substitute for chrome tanning has been developed. The size and distribution of nano-SiO2 in protein, the hydrothermal stability, the mechanical properties and the antifungal effect of final leather as well as the evaluation of eco-friendly characteristics of combination tannage were investigated. Scanning Electric M...