conclusions it seems that, in patients undergoing pncl, sa is as effective and safe as ga. patients who undergo pncl under sa require smaller amounts of analgesic dose and show hemodynamic stability during surgery and recovery time. also, sa technique provides decreased blood loss and shortened surgery as well as anesthesia times compared to ga. results map and heart rate show no significant di...

  Background: This research compares the outcomes of percutaneous technique and open surgical peritoneal dialysis catheter placement in children.   Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, between 2010 and 2011,a total of 35 pediatric uremic patients were enrolled and randomized into two study groups. Follow up data included duration of operation (minute), duration of hospitalization (days...

Background: Open hamstring lengthening (oHSL) is commonly performed to decrease knee contracture and improvegait and posture for children with spastic diplegia. Furthermore, percutaneous hamstring lengthening (pHSL) is alsogaining popularity as an alternative to the open approach. This study aimed to compare the results of pHSL versusoHSL and to determine the efficacy and safe...

background: significant elevation of cardiac biomarkers after percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) is associated with increased mortality. however, clinical importance of lesser degrees of cardiac enzyme elevation has not been well understood. multiple factors might have an etiologic role, and the incidence of myonecrosis has not changed dramatically despite pharmacological and technologica...

peripherally inserted venous ports fracture with embolization in patients who received chemotherapy is a serious and rare complication,and few cases have been reported in children. we report a successful endovascular technique using a snare for retrieving broken peripherally inserted venous ports in a child for chemotherapy. catheter fragments may cause complications such as cardiac perforation...

the aim of this study was to develop a derivative of chitosan as pharmaceutical excipient used in sustained-release matrix tablets of poorly soluble drugs. a water-soluble quaternary ammonium carboxymethylchitosan was synthesized by a two-step reaction with carboxymethylchitosan (cmcts), decylalkyl dimethyl ammonium and epichlorohydrin. the elemental analysis showed that the target product with...

percutaneous nephrolithotomy (pnl) is commonly used to treat patients with complex renal calculi. placing a nephrostomy tube is the last step after completing pnl. significant early postoperative discomfort after percutaneous procedure is usually secondary to nephrostomy tubes. the goal of this study is to evaluate the safety of tubeless pnl. a total of 45 patients with mean age of 46.6 years e...

cyproterone acetate (ca) has been loaded to liposome by solvent evaporation and thin film formation technique. the effects of some formulation variables such as temperature of organic solvent evaporation, rotary evaporator speed, volume of organic solvent, volume of balloon and temperature of hydrating buffer has been evaluated. the data showed that bigger balloon with higher surface area has b...