We survey and asses the literature on the positive and negative effects of ethnic diversity on economic policies and outcomes. Our focus is on countries, on cities in developed countries (the US) and on villages in developing countries. We also consider the endogenous formation of political jurisdictions and we highlight several open issues in need of further research.

The average symbol error probability (ASEP) and outage probability (OP) performance of the switched diversity combining (SDC) system over N-Nakagami fading channels is investigated in this paper. The probability density function (PDF) of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is used to derive exact and approximate ASEP expressions for phase shift keying (PSK) and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM). Exa...

We develop a con‡ict model linking dissipation to the distribution of the population over an arbitrary number of groups. We extend the pure contest version of the model by Esteban and Ray (1999) to include a mixed public-private good. We analyze how the level of dissipation changes as the population distribution and the share of publicness of the prize change. First, we …nd that, in case of pur...

Cooperative communications is viewed as a mechanism for increasing the diversity order, robustness and energy efficiency of a wireless communication system. In this paper we explore the diversity gains offered due to the availability of multiple antenna mobile users that provide an alternate path from transmitter to destination. We propose a practical adaptive relaying technique for transmissio...

Games have long played an important role in the development and further understanding of co-evolutionary learning systems. In particular, the search process in co-evolutionary learning is guided by strategic interactions between solutions in the population, which can be naturally framed as game-playing. We study two important issues in co-evolutionary learning–generalization performance and div...

This paper is concerned with the performance evaluation for the diversity decoding scheme in which space diversity technique and iterative decoding for non systematic convolutional error-correcting code are effectively combined. The concept of the diversity decoding is applied to an OFDM system (e.g. the digital terrestrial TV broadcasting system). This paper shows the performance evaluation fo...

This paper examines the influences of cultural diversity in the top management team (TMT) on organizational performance. The link between the two is investigated through the path dependency model, where firm ambidextrous orientation serves an intervening role. The results of the study suggest that TMT cultural diversity will have a negative influence on firm performance due to the decreasing de...

A prospective study examined the role of identity negotiation processes in determining the impact of diversity on the performance of small groups of MBA students. When group members (N = 253) formed relatively positive impressions of one another, higher diversity encouraged participants to individuate other group members, which encouraged self-verification processes, which in turn enhanced perf...

Frequency-domain equalization used in MC-CDMA can be applied to the reception of DS-CDMA signals. Further performance improvement can be attained by the additional use of multiple transmit/receive antenna diversity. The BER performance improvement attainable by the joint use of frequency-domain equalization and multiple transmit/receive antenna diversity in a frequency-selective fading channel ...

Frequency-domain pre-equalization (pre-FDE) transmission can be used instead of FDE reception for improving the transmission performance in a severe frequency-selective fading channel. Antenna diversity technique is also a well-known technique for improving the transmission performance, especially, transmit antenna diversity technique has been attracting much attention. In this paper, we propos...