Acadian flycatchers, Empidonax virescens, like many other tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae), sing complex songs with little variation among individuals. Measurements of frequency and timing revealed that individuals’ songs included consistent but slight individual differences. A comparison of differences between songs of territorial neighbours and between more distant males revealed no evidence t...

Differentiai use of song types according to context appears to be a common feature in songbirds [e.g . : the Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pennsylvanica (Lein, 1 97 8), the Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola (Cachpole & Leisler, 1 989), the Cuban Grassquit Tiaris canora (Baptista, 1978)] . The song types used can differ according to the season [e.g. the South island Robin Petroica austr...

In this paper building statistical language models for Persian language using a corpus and incorporating them in Persian continuous speech recognition (CSR) system are described. We used Persian Text Corpus for building the language models. First we preprocessed the texts of corpus by correcting the different orthography of words. Also, the number of POS tags was decreased by clustering POS tag...

The flight songs of Common Yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) consist of three sections: 1) a series of short duration notes that extend over a wide range of frequencies, 2) a portion of the perch song, and 3) a complex series of notes and phrases that also extend over a wide range of frequencies. The initial and terminal sections provide information about the location of the singer while the i...

Acoustic analyses and field playback experiments were conducted to investigate interspecific song differences and discrimination in male gibbons. Songs were recorded and analyzed from males of three populations: agile gibbons (Hylobates agilis) in West Kalimantan and South Sumatra and Miiller’s gibbons (Hylobates muelleri) in East Kalimantan. Male songs from each of the three populations were p...

Spoken language is a result of the human capacity to assemble simple vocal units into more complex utterances, the basic carriers of semantic information. Not much is known about the evolutionary origins of this behaviour. The vocal abilities of non-human primates are relatively unimpressive in comparison, with gibbon songs being a rare exception. These apes assemble a repertoire of call notes ...

Mate choice is among the most consequential decisions a sexually reproducing organism can make. In many songbird species, females make mate-choice decisions based, in part, on variation between males in songs that reflect their quality. Importantly, females may adjust their choice relative to the prevalence of high quality songs. In European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), females prefer males th...

Numerous studies have investigated the health problems reported by veterans of the Persian Gulf War, but important questions remain. Epidemiologic studies have consistently indicated that Gulf War veterans report unexplained symptoms at significantly higher rates than veteran comparison groups but that they have not experienced excess rates of disease-related mortality. Addressing unanswered qu...

The main concern of the present study was to compare Iranian monolingual and bilingual EFL students’ listening comprehension in terms of Latinized Persian subtitling of English movie to see whether there was a significant difference between monolinguals and bilinguals on immediate linguistic comprehension of the movie. Latinized Persian subtitling was representing Persian language in Latin scri...

Russian ( ), Persian ( ) and Siberian ( Acipenser gueldenstaedtii A. persicus A. ) sturgeons are closely related ‘Ponto-Caspian’ species. Investigation of baerii their population structure is an important problem, the solution of which determines measures for conservation of these species. According to previous studies, ‘baerii-like’ mitochondrial genotypes were found in the Caspian Sea among 3...