We measured organic carbon input and content of soil in two wetland areas of Chongming Dongtan (Yangtze River Estuary) to evaluate variability in organic carbon accumulation capability in different wetland soils. Observed differences were investigated based on the microbial activity and environmental factors of the soil at the two sites. Results showed that the organic carbon content of wetland...

the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different amounts of hydrogen peroxide and iron resources in refining petroleum (kerosene) contaminated soils using fenton reaction. for this, ten complex soil samples around tehran oil refinery were collected and after preparations were contaminated with two levels of 10 and 20% of petroleum (kerosene) in triplicate. after reaching equilib...

Regional and global air pollution emissions from marine transportation is a growing concern. In discerning the sources of such pollution, researchers have become interested in tracking where along the total fuel cycle these emissions occur. In addition, new efforts to introduce alternative fuels in marine vessels have raised new questions about the energy use and environmental impacts of such f...

Crude oil and petroleum products are widespread water and soil pollutants resulting from marine and terrestrial spillages. International statistics of oil spill sizes for all incidents indicate that the majority of oil spills are small (less than 7 tonnes). The major accidents that happen in the oil industry contribute only a small fraction of the total oil which enters the environment. However...

BACKGROUND On July 27 2003, a ship carrying crude oil ran aground near Karachi and after two weeks released 37,000 tons of its cargo into the sea. Oil on the coastal areas and fumes in air raised health concerns among people. We assessed the immediate health impact of oil spill from the tanker Tasman Spirit on residents of the affected coastline in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS We conducted a st...

It’s a depressingly familiar sight when an oil well blows or a tanker runs aground: thousands of stranded, helpless animals wallowing in cloying crude oil. ‘Birds are often used as the poster children for the deadly effects of oil’, says Ivan Maggini from Western University, Canada, recalling the shocking images of struggling animals that accompanied the catastrophic Deepwater Horizon oil spill...

A feasibility study was conducted to evaluate the capability of bacterial strains to degrade crude oil under in vitro conditions. Pseudomonas strain PS-I could degrade alkanes (70.69%) and aromatics (45.37%). Alkanes and aromatic fractions separated by column chromatography were analyzed by gas chromatography. In case of Pseudomonas strain PS-I, nC17/Pr, nC18/Ph ratios decreased from 2.5100 to ...

In August 1999, a crude oil spill of some 296 000 litres from the oil tanker Laura D’Amato occurred in Gore Cove, in inner Sydney Harbour, Port Jackson (Australia), during unloading at the terminal of the Shell Co of Australia. Our laboratory has been conducting surveys over ten years of the intertidal organisms of Port Jackson, most intensively the rock platforms, with funding from the Shell C...

Petroleum hydrocarbons are the most common environmental pollutants in the world and oil spills pose a great hazard to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Oil pollution may arise either accidentally or operationally whenever oil is produced, transported, stored and processed or used at sea or on land. Oil spills are a major menace to the environment as they severely damage the surrounding ecosys...

This paper investigates electric vehicle benefits and costs. Similar analysis could be applied to other alternative fuels. This study evaluates various types of electric vehicles. “Conventional performance” electric cars are intended to substitute for petroleum powered vehicles. However, for the foreseeable future they will fail to do this; electric vehicles offer significantly less performance...