Plasmodium falciparum parasites have been endemic to Haiti for >40 years without evidence of chloroquine (CQ) resistance. In 2006 and 2007, we obtained blood smears for rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and filter paper blots of blood from 821 persons by passive and active case detection. P. falciparum infections diagnosed for 79 persons by blood smear or RDT were confirmed by PCR for the small sub...

Drug resistant strains of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, have rendered chloroquine ineffective throughout much of the world. In parts of Africa and Asia, the coordinated shift from chloroquine to other drugs has resulted in the near disappearance of chloroquine-resistant (CQR) parasites from the population. Currently, there is no molecular explanation for this phenomenon. Herein, ...

BACKGROUND Concurrent dengue and mixed malaria infections in a single patient present with overlapping clinical manifestations which pose a diagnostic challenge and management dilemma in areas of common endemicities. METHODS We report a case of a young male who tested positive for both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum along with dengue infection. He showed signs of early treatment f...

Drug resistance is probably the greatest challenge to most malaria-control programs. Given the limited resources for other malarial-control measures, rational drug used is crucial. Molecular markers for parasite resistance such as pfcrt, pfmdr-1, and dhfr have the potential to be used in an integrated fashion to provide timely information that is useful to policy makers. Therefore, we evaluated...

The study of evolutionary processes is necessarily retrospective, but past pathways can lull us into imagining that future changes will generally follow the same trajectory. The arms races between pathogens and drugs provide a particularly useful window to view these events in relatively short time frames. In PNAS, Pelleau et al. (1) provide an excellent demonstration of these selective changes...

One of the fundamental steps toward malaria control is the use of antimalarial drugs. The success of antimalarial treatment can be affected by the presence of drug-resistant populations of Plasmodium falciparum. To assess resistance, we used molecular methods to examine 351 P. falciparum isolates collected from 4 sentinel sites in Mozambique for K13, pfmdr1, pfcrt, and pfdhps polymorphisms and ...

north of Laos: the occurrence and implications of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene haplotype SVMNT. Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10:1267–70. DOI: 10.1111/j.13653156.2005.01514.x 8. Miller RL, Ikram S, Armelagos GJ, Walker R, Harer WB, Schiff CJ, et al. Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infections in mummies using the rapid manual ParaSight-F test. Trans R ...

Suspicion of failure in the effectiveness artemisinin-based combination therapies (currently first-line treatment malaria, worldwide) is leading to unofficial use alternative antimalarials, including chloroquine and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, across northern Nigeria. To facilitate evidence-based resistance management, antimalarial mutations were investigated Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resi...

Neutral mutations may hitchhike to high frequency when they are situated close to sites under positive selection, generating local reductions in genetic diversity. This process is thought to be an important determinant of levels of genomic variation in natural populations. The size of genome regions affected by genetic hitchhiking is expected to be dependent on the strength of selection, but th...