as global competition intensifies, research and development (r & d) organizations need to enhance their strategic management in order to become goal-directed communities for innovation and allocate their resources consistent with their overall r & d strategy. the world pharmaceutical market has undergone fast, unprecedented, tremendous and complex changes in the last several years. the pharmace...

chamomile is a widely recognized herb in western culture. its medicinal usage dates back to antiquity where such notables as hippocrates, galen, and asclepius made written reference to it. as part of any medication history, pediatricians always should ask a child’s caregiver about the child’s use of over-the-counter remedies and herbal products. chamomile is used widely to treat children who ha...

not all values of literary texts should be sought for in their artistic aspects . there have been many lower-ranked literary texts that have shed light on numerous scientific, historical, social, and cultural issues. although poetic views are involved while raising such issues, it needs to be taken into account that not all poets have perceived the scientific principles of the topics tackled in...

like many other developing countries pharmacoeconomics and outcome research and its applications in national health system is a new but promising filed in iran. although decision makers of iran national health system decided to use pharmacoeconomics in the decision making approach several hurdles including lack of reliable national data, lack of expertise and local experience are the main chall...

pharmacy, being a profession which its activities are directly related to the health and wellbeing of the people and soci­ety has been described an ethical profession from earliest time. in the recent decades there has been a shift in the phar­macist role from dispensing to relationship with patients and health care providers and interfere the therapeutic process. other branches of pharmacy suc...

a simple, precise, rapid and low-cost potentiometric method for diclofenac determination in pharmaceuticals is proposed. a new diclofenac-sensitive electrode was constructed by incorporating the diclofenac ion pair complex with butyl rhodamine b into graphite matrix. the electrode exhibited a linear response over the concentration range of 1 × 10-4 – 5 × 10-2 mol l-1, a detection limit of 3.9×1...

Intuitively, a complex network is robust if it keeps its basic functionality even under failure of some of its components. The study of robustness in networks is important because a thorough understanding of the behavior of certain classes of networks under failures and attacks may help to protect, for instance, communication networks like the Internet against assaults or to exploit weaknesses ...

Objective: Pharmaceutical Care (PC) services have come to be the cornerstone of pharmacy practice all over world. PC has been linked better clinical and humanistic outcomes for patients. In Nigeria, only a few studies analyzed pharmacists' pharmaceutical care in hospitals. This study aims ascertain patients' satisfaction with evaluate practices Nigerian hospitals.
 Methods: was cross-secti...

Iran`s pharmaceutical products market as one of the major markets of the country has been faced with fluctuations over time. Suitable market selection is necessary for stability of pharmaceutical exports. Study of the global market structure of this product leads to policy makers in development, production, and trade of pharmaceuticals and finally increases country’s share of the world pharmace...

tribulus terrestris is a herbal remedy which is used for various purposes in folk medicine. it has been used as tonic, aphrodisiac, astringent, analgesic, stomachic, anti-hypertensive, diuretic and urinary anti-septic. it is about 30 to 70cm high; it grows as a summer annual, has pinnately compound leaves, yellow flowers and stellate shaped carpel fruits. since the past decades, some plants hav...