Grain growth processes are usually classified into two types. The first is a self-similar coarsening process, which known as normal grain growth, while the second characterized by of few grains at expense surrounding matrix, and abnormal growth. Although different mechanisms have been proposed for actual physical mechanism responsible this phenomenon remains largely unknown. To inhibit in polyc...

Copolymers play an important role in a range of soft-materials applications and biological phenomena. Prevalent works on block copolymer phase behavior use flexible chain models and incorporate interactions using a mean-field approximation. However, when phase separation takes place on length scales comparable to a few monomers, the structural rigidity of the monomers becomes important. In addi...

Microstructural changes during laser welding and laser surface treatment has been regarded by many researchers. Most researches have focused on studying the effect of various process parameters on the size and microstructure of the heat affected zone. But some studies show that the initial microstructure of the base metal can also affect the heat affected zone dimensions and final microstructur...

We study computer-generated geometric-phase holograms (GPHs) realized by photo-aligned liquid crystals, in both simulation and experiment. We demonstrate both far-field and Fresnel holograms capable of producing far-field and near-field images with preserved fidelity for all wavelengths. The GPHs are fabricated by patterning a photo-alignment layer (PAL) using a direct-write laser scanner and c...

insulin-like growth factor (igf-1) is an anti-apoptosis factor in multiple cell types associated with various cancers. computational methods allow investigating the systems between 50–100 atoms in the frame of quantum mechanics and up to 50,000 atoms with molecular dynamics. since there are specific interactions between the residues, the solvent could play an important role in the stability of ...

This paper proposes a mathematical model of electric and magnetic fields caused by high voltage conductors of electric power transmission systems by using a set of second-order partial differential equations. This study has considered the effect of conductor phase-sequence orientation on electromagnetic fields emitted around a double-circuit, extra high-voltage, power transmission line. Five ty...