4. Nonlinear phenomena 4.1. Second-order nonlinear phenomena 4.2. Third-order nonlinear phenomena 4.3. Stimulated Raman scattering 4.4. Stimulated Brillouin scattering 4.5. Four-wave mixing (FWM) 4.6. Self-phase modulation (SPM) 4.7. Cross phase modulation (XPM) 4.8. Theoretical description of GVD phenomenon and self-phase modulation 4.8.1. Nonlinear Schrödinger equation 4.8.2. Inclusion of the...

We propose a linear compression technique for the time interval distribution of photon pairs. Using a partially frequency-entangled two-photon (TP) state with appropriate mean time width, the compressed TP time interval width can be kept in the minimum limit set by the phase modulation, and is independent of its initial width. As a result of this effect, ultra-narrow TP time interval distributi...

Active control and cancellation of residual amplitude modulation (RAM) in phase modulation of an optical carrier is one of the key technologies for achieving the ultimate stability of a laser locked to an ultrastable optical cavity. Furthermore, such techniques are versatile tools in various frequency modulation-based spectroscopy applications. In this Letter we report a simple and robust appro...

In this study, effects of modulation types on data transmission performance used in satellite communication systems for earth observation satellites were examined. The effects of PSK modulation, which is commonly used especially in S band and X band communication, on BER-Eb/No performance were also compared. The effects of “8 Phase Shift Keying-8 PSK, 16 Phase Shift Keying-16PSK, 32 Phase Shift...

Time-of-flight range imaging cameras operate by illuminating a scene with amplitude modulated light and measuring the phase shift of the modulation envelope between the emitted and reflected light. Object distance can then be calculated from this phase measurement. This approach does not work in multiple camera environments as the measured phase is corrupted by the illumination from other camer...

In this paper, a decision tree algorithm based on time-domain digital technique is developed for the identification and classification of diverse radar intra-pulse modulated signals electronic intelligence system in real-time. This includes linear frequency modulation, non-linear stepped modulation bi-phase modulation. The received signal digitised instantaneous phase high accuracy are estimate...

We present a brief overview of different methods for simultaneous phase-matching of several parametric optical processes (the so-called multistep cascading) in engineered structures with the modulated second-order nonlinear susceptibility. In particular, we discuss the possibility of double phase-matching in both uniform and non-uniform quasi-phase-matched (QPM) periodic optical superlattices a...

In this second part, we will focus on a detailed examination of two critical specifications associated with PLLs: phase noise and reference spurs. What causes them and how can they be minimized? The discussion will include measurement techniques and the effect of these errors on system performance. We will also consider output leakage current, with an example showing its significance in openloo...

We analyze the phase diagram in effective chiral quark models (the Nambu– Jona-Lasinio model, the σ-model with quarks) and show that at the mean-field level a phase with a periodically-modulated chiral fields separates the usual phases with broken and restored chiral symmetry. A possible signal of such a phase is the production of multipion jets travelling in opposite directions, with individua...

The response of cold atom gases to small periodic phase modulation of an optical lattice is discussed. For bosonic gases, the energy absorption rate is given, within linear response theory, by the imaginary part of the current autocorrelation function. For fermionic gases in a strong lattice potential, the same correlation function can be probed via the production rate of double occupancy. The ...