This study performs analytical investigation of how accurately three existing phase shift models describe the phase shift impulse response of a simple planar oscillator. The investigation finds that Kaertner’s model perfectly describes the behavior of the phase shift impulse response, whereas the projection-based ISF, and the perturbation projection-based model oversimplify it to its initial, a...

While Quantum phase estimation (QPE) is at the core of many quantum algorithms known to date, its physical implementation (algorithms based on quantum Fourier transform (QFT) ) is highly constrained by the requirement of high-precision controlled phase shift operators, which remain difficult to realize. In this paper, we introduce an alternative approach to approximately implement QPE with arbi...