Recent social science research on the American public's attitudes toward the welfare of food animals tracks closely with a difficult-to-resolve philosophical issue. One side interprets welfare in terms of the way that a given animal is faring in a production setting. This view emphasizes the animal's medical condition and cognitive well-being. The other view derives norms for welfare from a con...

As the important part of the theoretical physics, the electrodynamics is a theoretical basic course of the physics and relative subjects. To adapt the demands for cultivating the target of highly-quality talents in the 21st century, to properly add relative philosophical thoughts can not only deepen students’ cognition about the electromagnetic law, but can further cultivate students’ scientifi...

In Part I of our joint paper [WuB13], we outlined our respective theories, The Basic Theory of the Philosophy of Information (BTPI) and Logic in Reality (LIR) and showed their synergy for the understanding of complex informational processes. In this part, we develop Wu’s fundamental philosophical insight of the origin of the values of information in the interactions of complex information proce...

This book is a study of the intellectual foundations of Alfred Marshall’s economic science. It makes no attempt to evaluate Marshall’s contributions to economic science by the lights of current economic thinking. Nor is it conceived as a step toward the reformation of contemporary economic theory, showing what one of its founders “really meant.” Even the most historically minded of contemporary...

The development and reaffirmation of epidemiology as a scientific discipline has been closely associated with its ability to search for causes of health-related events. Causal reasoning was always part of human thinking and of philosophical concerns. However, the first to transform philosophical causal concerns in an organized logical system from which causal relationships could be inferred was...

While uncertainty has always been a part of human experience, scientific results in our current age imply that a unifying theory is out of reach, probably forever. If we are to survive the dangers of resurgent irrationality and accept that we have reached the end of ideology, than we will need to recognize a 'new rationality', a pragmatic and critical approach based on relative cenainties. The ...

The development and reaffirmation of epidemiology as a scientific discipline has been closely associated with its ability to search for causes of health-related events. Causal reasoning was always part of human thinking and of philosophical concerns. However, the first to transform philosophical causal concerns in an organized logical system from which causal relationships could be inferred was...

In her book To be Born (2017), Luce Irigaray offers a novel philosophy of the child. Instead viewing child as bearer rights and in need adequate care is common contemporary philosophies childhood, presents metaphor new human being which represents natural belonging. The rearticulation has been ongoing Irigaray’s from its beginnings with efforts to give voice excluded, silenced, repressed femini...

Problematyka różnych typów myślenia sytuuje się na pograniczu refleksji wielu dyscyplin – filozofii, antropologii i psychologii. Każda z nich prezentuje inne podejście do próby zdefiniowania myślenia. Odnosi to też wczesnych sformułowań w rozwoju pojęcia tzw. „pierwotnego umysłu” prób określenia specyfiki dokonywanych przez niego operacji. Pojęcie zostało odrzucone, ale pozostał problem wyodręb...