Phototherapy has been intensively investigated as a non-invasive cancer treatment option. However, its clinical translation is still impeded by unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy and severe phototoxicity. To achieve high efficiency security, nanoassembly of Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) photosensitizer pairs developed on basis dual-mode co-loading photocaging strategy. For proof-of-...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to make 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-incorporated nanoparticles using methoxy polyethylene glycol/chitosan (PEG-Chito) copolymer for application in photodynamic therapy for colon cancer cells. METHODS 5-ALA-incorporated (PEG-Chito-5-ALA) nanoparticles were prepared by ion complex formation between 5-ALA and chitosan. Protoporphyrin IX accumulation in the tum...

Introduction: In erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), an inherited disorder of heme biosynthesis, accumulation protoporphyrin IX results in acute phototoxicity. EPP patients experience severe burning pain after light exposure, which a markedly reduced quality life. Afamelanotide is the first effective approved medical treatment for EPP, acting on melanocortin-1 receptors. This article aims to r...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcomes of a group of patients who suffered iatrogenic phototoxic injury. METHODS The medical records of 24 patients (24 eyes) with iatrogenic phototoxicity from 3 medical centers were reviewed. We report the findings from long-term follow-up of these patients with particular attention to visual outcome, type and duration of procedure, and location of the phototoxic...

Potential photoactivation of certain pharmaceuticals, cosmetic ingredients and natural products by sunlight (e.g., phenothiazines, arylsulfonamides, or coumarins) has to be considered early on in development in order to avoid serious adverse effects (for example phototoxic or photoallergic reactions). Current clinical trial registration guidelines (FDA May 2003 [1], EMEA Dec. 2002 [2]) recommen...