this paper describes a simple, physically-based conceptual model utilizing watershed drainage characteristics for rainfall-runoff simulation. this conceptual physiographic model is essentially based on the work of najafi (2003), which has led to a model compris-ing the main tributary subwatersheds and a single main channel subwatershed. the ki-nematic wave (kw) theory is used to describe flow o...

The paper presents applications and models which are beneficial to watershed management in various areas. The intention is to inform about the current capabilities of soft computing, hydrologic analysis modules, and distributed hydrologic models, and to provide an initial guide on implementing soft computing. Watershed is not simply the hydrological unit but also socio-political-ecological enti...

in recent years, artificial neural networks (anns) have been widely used for flood esti-mation. in this study, an ann model based on the geomorphologic characteristics of a watershed such as the number of possible paths and their probabilities is developed (gann model). nodes in the input layer are allocated to the surface flows, subsurface flows, excess-rainfall and infiltrated rain. the numbe...

Preservation of extraordinary natural resources, protection of water quality, and restoration of impaired waters require a strategy to identify and protect least-disturbed streams and rivers. We applied two objective, quantitative methods to determine stream ecological integrity of headwater reaches of 10 Ozark rivers, 5 with Wild and Scenic River federal protective status. Thirty-four variable...

this study examines the relationship between land use/land cover (lulc) changes and surface runoff generation empirically to reveal how urbanization has altered the hydrologic characteristics of a watershed. a hydrological model, the soil and water assessment tool (swat), is employed to estimate the watershed runoff generation for two lulc scenarios from 2002 to 2010. the cypress creek watershe...

The emergence of integrated watershed management (IWM) in several countries throughout the world reflects a growing recognition of the multiple—often competing—uses of water, and the increased awareness of the interrelationships of water systems with other physical and socioeconomic systems. There are many different definitions and descriptions of the concept. Margerum and Born (1995, 377) cont...

Despite the many potential sources of release of pathogenic organisms into the environment, agronomic practices that utilize animal manures contaminated with pathogenic or parasitic organisms appear to be the major contributors to watershed or basin contaminations. High rates of land-applied raw manure increase the risks of surface or ground water contamination, both from excess nutrients and p...

Incorporation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) into Unsupervised-Supervised Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) was applied to quantify the similarity of watershed characteristics. The goal of this approach is to find the best match watershed from a large knowledge base of over one thousand quantifying watersheds and to determine the reliability of “transplant” watershed information during...