A wideband 16×32 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel sounder has been developed for the 5.8 GHz band. This paper reports on a series of measurements with the purpose of investigating both temporal and spatial aspects of channel changes in a number of widely different indoor environments. The measurements are carried out using two planar arrays of monopoles. The results include statist...

A study on the MIMO channel capacity of a modified dual-element planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) array is presented. The dual-element PIFA array consists of two modified PIFAs which are mounted on a small mobile terminal operating at 2.5 GHz. The relationship between mutual coupling and channel capacity is analysed by comparing the modified dual-element PIFA array with a conventional dual-eleme...

Low-conductance chloride channel from skeletal muscle SR vesicles of the crayfish Astacus fluviatilis was incorporated into planar lipid bilayers and its basic characteristics were investigated. The channel has a relatively low unitary conductance of 26 pS in symmetrical 160 mmol/l choline-chloride. The dependence of the channel conductance on Cl- concentration shows saturating behavior with a ...

Introduction: Recent studies have shown the presence of Cl channels in heart and liver mitochondrial membranes. In this work, we have characterized the functional profile of a Cl channel from rat brain mitochondria. Methods: After removing and homogenizing the rat brain, the supernatant was separately centrifuged in MSEdigitonin, H2O and Na2CO3 and mitochondrial inner membrane vesicles were obt...

Cytosolic free Ca2+ has been shown to have both activating and inhibitory effects upon the inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) during intracellular Ca2+ release. The effects of cytosolic free Ca2+ on the InsP3R have already been monitored using cerebellar microsomes (containing InsP3R) incorporated into planar lipid bilayers [Bezprozvanny, Watras and Ehrlich (1991) Nature (London) ...