For years, many plant science researchers who study the genetic programming that determines structural organization and reproductive processes self-identified as developmental biologists, while those studying plant responses to the environment identified as plant physiologists. Plant hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellic acids that function as developmental messengers were viewed...

The remarkable plasticity of plant ontogeny is shaped by hormone pathways, which not only orchestrate intrinsic developmental programs, but also convey environmental inputs. Several classes of plant hormones exist, and among them auxin, brassinosteroid and gibberellin are central for the regulation of growth in general and of cell elongation in particular. Various growth phenomena can be modula...

Plant hormones regulate growth and responses to environmental change. Hormone action ultimately modifies cellular physiological processes and gene activity. To facilitate transcriptome evaluation of novel mutants and environmental responses, there is a need to rapidly assess the possible contribution of hormone action to changes in the levels of gene transcripts. We developed a vector-based alg...

INTRODUCTION Steroids play a role as essential hormones in plants as well as in animals. Plants produce numerous steroids and ste-rols, some of which are recognized as hormones in animals (Geuns, 1978; Jones and Roddick, 1988). Brassinolide (BL) is the most bioactive form of the growth-promoting plant steroids termed brassinosteroids (BRs). Grove et al. (1979) purified 4 mg of BL from ‫ف‬ 40 kg...

Brassinosteroids represent a class of plant hormones with high-growth promoting activity. They are found at low levels in pollen, anthers, seeds, leaves, stems, roots, flowers, grain, and young vegetative tissues throughout the plant kingdom. Brassinosteroids are a family of about 60 phytosteroids. The article gives a comprehensive survey on the hitherto known brassinosteroids isolated from pla...

the aim of this review was to represent a category of applied plant biostimulants and to highlight the effect of their application on morphological and phytochemical properties of medicinal plants in in vivo and in vitro conditions and their mechanism of action. plant biostimulants, safe for both human beings and the environment, are substances or materials, except for nutrients and pesticides,...

Seed germination and early seedling growth are critical phases in the plant life cycle (Bewley and Black, 1994). Young seedlings need to grow rapidly in order to effectively compete with neighbours, yet young seedlings have limited nutrient reserves to draw on as they resume growth. Root systems are rudimentary, and this limits the ability of young seedlings to explore the environment for water...