A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) technique was developed using commercially available derivatization reagents and commonly used reversed-phase HPLC column chemistry to analyze plasma samples for their carnitine ester content. The method proved to be sufficiently sensitive to determine changes in the carnitine ester profile in plasma resulting from metabolic disorders or metaboli...

Abstract Plasma‐activated water (PAW) has been utilised in various application fields, and a deep understanding on the plasma chemistry is foundation of application‐orientated optimisation. In this paper, global model built to study chemical properties PAW produced by dielectric barrier discharge that powered nanosecond voltage pulses. The applied firstly repeated with 10 kHz frequency for 100 ...

Energetic ions from the solar wind, local pick-up ions or magnetospheric plasma ions impact the atmospheres and surfaces of a number of solar system bodies. These energetic incident ions deposit energy in the gas or solid. This can lead to the ejection of atoms and molecules, a process referred to as sputtering. In this paper we first describe the physics and chemistry of atmospheric and surfac...

Besides its function as a passive cell wall, the plasma membrane (PM) serves as a platform for different physiological processes such as signal transduction and cell adhesion, determining the ability of cells to communicate with the exterior, and form tissues. Therefore, the spatial distribution of PM components, and the molecular mechanisms underlying it, have important implications in various...

One hundred years ago, Sir William Crooke stated ".... the investigation of the fourth state of matter plasma will be one of the most challenging and exciting fields of human endeavor". Even though it has found a major niche market (in excess of $ 1 billion) for the fabrication of semiconductor devices, plasma remains an emerging technology still in its embryonic stage in the industrial market ...

This work reviews formation processes of negative ions in low-pressure laboratory plasmas. There are many topics of discussion in the chemistry of negative ions. In most studies only volume production by dissociative electron attachment is considered. However, a typical problem is that experiments reveal higher negative ion densities than one would expect based on attachment rates to ground-sta...

Atmospheric pressure plasmas have shown great promise for the treatment of wounds and cancerous tumors. In these applications, the sample is usually covered by a thin layer of a biological liquid. The reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated by the plasma activate and are processed by the liquid before the plasma produced activation reaches the tissue. The synergy between the plasm...

Currently generally accepted opinion considering Earth’s early atmosphere as a mildly reduced gas mixture of molecular gases represents a crucial difficulty for the classical Miller's experiments carried out originally in a strongly reducing gaseous mixture. In the weakly reducing environment they give a poor yield of amino acids and other compounds of relevance to the chemical evolution. In ou...