Introduction In inertial confinement fusion (ICF),1 a spherical capsule is illuminated either directly with laser light2 or indirectly within x rays generated by laser irradiation of the walls of a container (hohlraum) enclosing the capsule.3 The capsule consists of a cryogenic layer of deuterium and tritium (DT) frozen onto the inner surface of a spherical shell of ablator material. Photons ar...

LLE Review, Volume 95 179 Introduction The interaction of laser beams with plasmas near the criticaldensity surface is an important characteristic feature of directdrive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments.1,2 One of the main laser–plasma interaction processes is stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), which involves the decay of an incident light wave into a scattered light wave and a...

We present a code for the simulation of laser–plasma interaction processes relevant for applications in inertial confinement fusion. The code consists of a fully nonlinear hydrodynamics in two spatial dimensions using a Lagrangian, discontinuous Galerkin-type approach, a paraxial treatment of the laser field and a spectral treatment of the dominant non-local transport terms. The code is fully p...

Biermann battery magnetic field generation driven by high power laser–solid interactions is explored in experiments performed with the OMEGA EP laser system. Proton deflectometry captures changes to strength, spatial profile, and temporal dynamics of self-generated fields as target material or intensity varied. Measurements flux during interaction are used help validate extended magnetohydrodyn...

The design of inertial confinement fusion ignition targets requires radiation-hydrodynamics simulations with accurate models the fundamental material properties (i.e., equation state, opacity, and conductivity). Validation these is required via experimentation. A feasibility study using spatially integrated, spectrally resolved, x-ray Thomson scattering measurements to diagnose temperature, den...

The first wall in an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) reactor is eroded by charged particles, neutrons, and X-rays as the nuclear output within extremely short period. Because damage to plasma-facing materials (PFMs) determines lifetime of a system, it crucial examine internal state PFMs. We irradiated pulsed laser simulate heat load generated ICF using tungsten material. No cracks were observ...

Caspian kutum fish (Rutilus frisii) wild broodstocks were caught by gillnet during their upstream migration and subjected to short-time confinement stress and their physiological responses have been examined. Thirty fish (average weight of 1217.6 g) were divided into three experimental groups CO (control), OV (ovaprim) and CO+OV (cortisol+ovaprim) and placed into rearing tanks (10 fish tank-1; ...

A method has been developed for the optimization of high-gain inertial confinement fusion targets. Using this method, software simulations have yielded pulse shapes that produce high fusion gain and demonstrate good target stability using a 1 megaJoule (MJ) laser source. These pulse shapes could help attain ignition on the National Ignition Facility inertial confinement fusion system. Introduct...

The technique of near forward laser scattering is used to infer characteristics of intrinsic and controlled density fluctuations in laser-produced plasmas. Intrinsic fluctuations are studied in long-scalelength plasmas where we find that the fluctuations exhibit scalesizes related to the intensity variation scales in the plasma-forming and interaction beams. Stimulated Brillouin forward scatter...