[1] The Faroe Bank Channel (FBC) is the deepest connection between the Atlantic Ocean and the Nordic Seas. This work describes the dynamic properties of the plume of dense overflow water descending from the Faroe Bank Channel using time series data for velocity and temperature from a network of 25 moorings deployed west of the Faroe Bank Channel between July 1999 and February 2001. The cold wat...

[1] Space-fractional advection-dispersion models provide attractive alternatives to the classical advection-dispersion equation for model applications that exhibit early arrivals and plume skewness. This paper develops a flexible method for estimating the parameters of the fractional transport model on the basis of spatial plume snapshots or temporal breakthrough curve data. A particle-tracking...

Detecting and identifying weak gaseous plumes using thermal imaging data is complicated by many factors. These include variability due to atmosphere, ground and plume temperature, and background clutter. This paper presents an analysis of one formulation of the physics-based radiance model, which describes at-sensor observed radiance. The background emissivity and plume/ground temperatures are ...

[1] Observations of detached subauroral proton arcs by the FUV instrument on the IMAGE spacecraft have been recently reported and shown to be produced by ring current ions precipitating in the afternoon local time sector during geomagnetically disturbed periods. Data from June 18, 2001 show a direct link between a subauroral proton arc and a global observation of a plasmaspheric plume by the IM...

New H2O, CO2 and S concentration data for basaltic glasses from ‘hotspot’, with temperature differences of 200°C or more between hotter upwelling plumes and the ambient mantle Loihi seamount, Hawaii, allow us to model degassing, assimilation, adiabat (e.g. White & McKenzie, 1989; Campbell, 1998; and the distribution of major volatiles within and around the Davies, 1998). In contrast, it has lon...

Remote detection and identification of chemicals in a scene is a challenging problem. We introduce an approach that uses some of the image’s pixels to establish the background characteristics while other pixels represent the target for which we seek to identify all chemical species present. This leads to a generalized least squares problem in which we focus on “subset selection” to identify the...

Biotransformation of dissolved groundwater hydrocarbon plumes emanating from leaking underground fuel tanks should, in principle, result in plume length stabilization over relatively short distances, thus diminishing the environmental risk. However, because the behavior of hydrocarbon plumes is usually poorly constrained at most leaking underground fuel tank sites in terms of release history, g...

[1] Explanations for the plume of gas, water vapor and ice particles jetting from rifts in Enceladus’ south polar region include boiling of liquid water and dissociation of clathrate hydrates. In either case, production of the plume may be quasi-static or tidally controlled, with implications for the interior structure and composition of Enceladus. Previous quantification of the clathrate expla...

The effects of compositional discontinuities of density and viscosity in the Earth's mantle on the ascent of mantle plume heads is studied using a boundary integral numerical technique. Three specific problems are considered: (1) a plume head rising away from a deformable interface, (2) a plume head passing through an.interface, and (3) a plume head approaching the surface of the Earth. For the...

This paper details a number of existing formulations used in Gaussian models in a clear and usable way, and provides a comparison within a single framework—the Gaussian plume and puff models of the air quality modeling system Polyphemus. The emphasis is made on the comparison between (1) the parameterizations to compute the standard deviations and (2) the plume rise schemes. The Gaussian formul...