Nodule CO2 fixation is of pivotal importance for N2 fixation. The process provides malate for bacteroids and oxaloacetate for nitrogen assimilation. The hypothesis of the present paper was that grain legume nodules would adapt to higher plant N demand and more restricted carbon availability at pod formation through increased nodule CO2 fixation and a more efficient N2 fixation. Growth, N2 fixat...

Previous research has focused on the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell wall loosening and cell extension in plant vegetative growth, but few studies have investigated ROS functions specifically in plant reproductive organs. In this study, ROS levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed in Pisum sativum and Brassica chinensis pods at five developmental stages. In ju...

PURPOSE To detect localized glaucomatous structural changes using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) framework with false-positive control that minimizes confirmatory follow-ups, and to compare the results to topographic change analysis (TCA). METHODS We included 167 participants (246 eyes) with ≥4 Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT)-II exams from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study...

Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) is used in combination with proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for model order reduction of the time parameterized acoustic wave equations. We propose a fully discrete IGA-Newmark-POD approximation and we analyze the associated numerical error, which features three components due to spatial discretization by IGA, time discretization with the Newmark scheme, and mo...

In this paper, we present a discussion of the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) as applied to simulation and feedback control of the one dimensional heat equation. We provide two examples of input collections to which the POD process is applied. First, we apply POD directly to the nite element basis of linear B-splines. Next we additionally include time snapshots. We show that although the ...

Two peroxidases (EC. 1.11.1.7), POD I and POD II were purified from the roots of cultivatedRaphanus sativus L. Var. Cicil by one step ion-exchange chromatography after fractionation by acetone. The molecular weight of these enzymes were 43000 and 41000 Daltons and RZ 1.2 and 2.0 for POD I and POD II, respectively. Both enzymes consisted of a single polypeptide chain on SDS-PAGE. The maximum...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pain control after hepatic resection presents unique challenges as subcostal incisions, rib retraction, and diaphragmatic irritation can lead to significant pain. Both epidural analgesia and ON-Q catheters have been used for postoperative pain management after hepatic surgery, but to our knowledge have not been directly compared. METHODS The records of 143 patient be...

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), alternatively known as Principal Component Analysis or the Karhunen-Loève decomposition, is a model-reduction technique which generates the optimal linear subspace of dimension D for a given set of higher-dimensional data. That is, if the data are contained within an attractor, the POD process can produce the affine linear space that best approximates the ...

In this work linear-quadratic optimal control problems for parabolic equations with control and state constraints are considered. Utilizing a Lavrentiev regularization we obtain a linear-quadratic optimal control problem with mixed controlstate constraints. For the numerical solution a Galerkin discretization is applied utilizing proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). Based on a perturbation me...

Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is a powerful technique for model reduction of linear and non-linear systems. It is based on a Galerkin type discretization with basis elements created from the system itself. In this work, error estimates for Galerkin POD methods for linear elliptic, parameter-dependent systems are proved. The resulting error bounds depend on the number of POD basis functi...