Policy-based access control is nowadays a common mechanism to protect data in distributed environments. However, the word policy has been given many different meanings and is used in different contexts. This chapter gives an overview of the existing approaches to logicand rule-based system behavior specification in the light of the peculiar needs of business and security rules.

How do cyclical fiscal stabilisation policies affect welfare and government bond risk premia? Using a new Keynesian model we find that the effects of fiscal policy rules on the bond premium and welfare crucially depend on the source of business cycle fluctuations. The overall effect is estimated using Bayesian methods and the mechanism is deconstructed by examining the propagation mechanism of ...

OBJECTIVES American Indians are more likely to smoke, less likely to have smoke-free homes, and potentially less likely to have worksite smoke-free policies. We examined correlates of smoke-free policies at home and work among a community-based sample of American Indians in the Midwest. METHODS We examined correlates of smoke-free policies at home and work in a sample of American Indians in t...

Following recent episodes of financial distress, the interaction between monetary policy and asset price fluctuations has gained renewed attention. Here, we assess the role of asset price misalignments in monetary policy in an adaptive learning context. Our model first extends Bullard and Mitra (2002), including an additional role for asset prices. From the point of view of the E-Stability crit...

We give a closed-form expression for the discounted weighted queue length and switching costs of a two-class single-server queueing model under a preemptive priority rule. These expressions are used to do a single step of policy iteration in a polling model with a dynamically controlled switching rule, starting from the preemptive priority rule. Numerical experiments show that this leads to a p...

BACKGROUND An effective health workforce is essential for achieving health-related new Sustainable Development Goals. Odisha, one of the states in India with low health indicators, faces challenges in recruiting and retaining health staff in the public sector, especially doctors. Recruitment, deployment and career progression play an important role in attracting and retaining doctors. We examin...

Maintaining price stability requires not only commitment to an appropriate monetary policy rule, but an appropriate fiscal policy rule as well. Ricardian equivalence does not imply that fiscal policy is irrelevant, except in the case of a certain class of policies (“Ricardian” policies). The role of fiscal developments in inflation determination under a non-Ricardian regime is illustrated throu...