The bus-based public transport system in developing countries poses serious environmental challenges. This paper explores the environmental performance of buses managed and operated by private companies in Lahore under franchise initiative of Government of Punjab. The empirical evidence shows that buses pollute the air with CO and NOx emissions. The bus-based air pollution is result of obsolete...

This study presents an endeavor to determine an optimal solution for the obnoxious facility location problem. Obnoxious materials are those which may cause harm to the health of human beings and pollute the environment. The obnoxious material management is a significant environmental issue. Since the social economical growth encourages to establishment of industrialization. While the waste mate...

By continuing to use fossil fuels we are bound to pollute the atmosphere, and consequently, unwanted greenhouse and climate change effects will come to dominate every part of the earth. Wind power energy represents an interesting alternative to traditional forms of obtaining energy. However, the efficiency of wind power strongly depends on the control methods that play a significant role in eli...

In the last few years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have become a very important branch of science technology. 10-9 stands for nano particles size less than 100 nm are said to be nanomaterial. Nanoscience connects chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, engineering sciences others. Nanomaterials synthesized in number ways, but conventional methods costly, time consuming pollute environment. Ho...

The development of road transport has led to significant pollution the environment, including solid particles non-exhaust origin. These are among most dangerous pollutants generated during operation wheeled vehicles and contribute cardiovascular respiratory diseases in world's population. At same time, scientific research legal regulation this area insufficient for making informed decisions act...

We consider a monopolistic firm producing a good while polluting and using a fossil energy. This firm can adopt a clean technology by incurring an investment cost decreasing exponentially with the adoption date. This clean technology does not pollute and has a lower production cost because it uses a renewable energy. We determine the optimal adoption date for the firm in the case where it is no...

Dairy farming has the potential to pollute waterways through the loss of nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Faecal Indicator Organisms (FIO). Two on-farm management actions that can reduce losses of N, P and FIOs are the use of wintering feedpads, and the application of nitrification inhibitors. In this paper we outline the results of research undertaken to explore the adoption of these amongst d...

Reputation systems aim to reduce the risk of loss due to untrustworthy participants. This loss is aggravated by dishonest advisors trying to pollute the e-market environment for their selfinterest. A major task of a reputation system is to promote and encourage advisors who repeatedly respond with fair advice and to apply an opinion filtering or honesty checking mechanism to detect and resist d...

Reputation management for peers in Bittorrent P2P network is very much important due to its open and anonymous nature. Some malicious peers distribute low quality or fake files in the network and pollute the environment. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy inference system to design P2P reputation management system which generates the reputation values for each torrent files by interacting with o...

The design of dynamic discrete-event systems calls for adequate modeling formalisms and tools to manage possible changes occurring during system’s lifecycle. A common approach is to pollute design with details that do not regard the current system behavior rather its evolution. That hampers analysis, reuse and maintenance in general. A reflective Petri net model (based on classical Petri nets) ...