Salt pollution and human-accelerated weathering are shifting the chemical composition of major ions in fresh water and increasing salinization and alkalinization across North America. We propose a concept, the freshwater salinization syndrome, which links salinization and alkalinization processes. This syndrome manifests as concurrent trends in specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, and base cat...

Surface water is used for a variety of purposes like drinking, washing, bathing, recreation as well as numerous other varied industrial applications. The wholesomeness of these surface waters has become an issue of great concern. Water pollution is a burning issue all over the world. In recent years an increasing awareness has developed on the impact of human activities on the environment becau...

The atmospheric corrosion of Mg and MgAl alloys was investigated. Corrosion tests were performed in the laboratory under controlled environment. CP Mg, AM50 and AZ91 samples were exposed at 95% RH and 22°C in the presence and in the absence of 400 ppm CO2 for 24 h to 672 h. The passive film was characterized by means of XPS, FTIR, AES and XRD. The film consisted of MgO/Mg(OH)2 with carbonate on...

For marine platforms, assessing the structural resilience in a corroded condition is vital for both design and maintenance practices. With the development of computational and experimental methods for structural analysis, the accuracy of the structural response prediction relies on a better understanding of the material degradation process. However, a realistic estimate of corrosion is inherent...

Implantation using stainless steels (SS) is an example where an understanding of protein-induced metal release from SS is important when assessing potential toxicological risks. Here, the protein-induced metal release was investigated for austenitic (AISI 304, 310, and 316L), ferritic (AISI 430), and duplex (AISI 2205) grades in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) solution containing eith...

The environmental impact of wind power plants over their life cycle is divided into three stages: construction period, operation period and retired period. The impact is mainly reflected in ecological destruction, noise pollution, water pollution and the effect on bird migration. In response to these environmental effects, suggesting reasonable locations, reducing plant footprint, optimizing co...

10 Epitaxial Fe(0 0 1) films of a high crystalline and surface quality, as checked in situ with AES, low energy electron 11 diffraction and STM, were grown on MgO(0 0 1). Such films show an exceptional corrosion resistance remaining me12 tallic for years at the ambient atmosphere, except of 5–10 nm, as found using the conversion electron M€ ossbauer 13 spectroscopy (CEMS). For more systematic c...

An attempt has been taken to improve the corrosion resistance of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels (Fe-25Mn and Fe-25Mn-3Al) by electroless Ni-P coating. Corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl and 0.1M H2SO4 solutions was characterized by the potentiodynamic polarization curves and Tafel method calculations. It was found that Ni-P coating improved the corrosion resistance by the factor of 4 ...

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) with austenitic and ferritic phases have been increasingly used for many industrial applications due to their good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in acidic, caustic and marine environments. However, DSSs are susceptible to intergranular, pitting and stress corrosion in corrosive environments due to the formation of secondary phases. Such phases are...