random peptide libraries (rpl) displayed on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages have been extensively used as a tool to map epitopes or to identify antigenic mimics (mimotpoes) of disease-specific monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal sera. these rpl are engineered by the insertion of degenerate oligonucleotides, encoding a specific number of random amino acids, in frame with a bacteriophag...

The aim of the study was to produce sensitive and specifi c polyclonal antibodies against somatotropin (ST) to be used for standardization of an ELISA to measure growth hormone (GH) level in serum and milk of lactating buffaloes. Recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST), kindly donated by NHPP, California, USA was injected both in chicken and rabbit emulsifi ed with Freund’s complete adjuvant fol...

Perspectives Passive immunization is the transfer of antibodies and occurs naturally during pregnancy. The transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies to the fetus can protect the infant from many infectious diseases for the first vulnerable months of its life. Passive immunization has been used in the global effort to eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus. Researchers have estimated that ...

The analysis and polyclonal antibody response for newly synthesized maltose-BSA conjugate neoglycoproteins is described. In this first proof of concept study, a simple carbohydrate antigen, maltose, was linked to BSA by reductive amination. An aglycone spacer was utilized to conserve the intact annular maltose structure and to promote the accessibility of the carbohydrate immunogen hapten durin...

Two monoclonal antibodies CH6 and C1E3 were used in an antibody class capture assay for the detection of IgM antibodies specific for Toxoplasma gondii. CH6 was used on the solid phase to capture human IgM. After a Toxoplasma gondii antigen had been added, specifically bound material was detected using C1E3 coupled to horseradish peroxidase. The assay was compared with an established system usin...

Immunoreactive prolactin (ir-PRL) in rat brain has been consistently documented. However, the identity of this ir-PRL is controversial. Ir-PRL is defined by its ability to bind to PRL antibodies. All previous studies of brain ir-PRL have used polyclonal antibodies, at least one of which apparently crossreacts with a portion of the proopiomelanocortin molecule. To begin to define the epitopes co...

The coronavirus heptide repeat (HR) region in the spike protein induces neutralizing antibodies that block the postfusion core formation and inhibit virus entry into target cells. The HR2 regions for coronaviruses of the same serogroup share high homology. We found that polyclonal antibodies derived from transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus HR2 and upstream region were cross-reactive with ...

Xylella fastidiosa is among the most dangerous plant bacteria worldwide causing a variety of diseases, with huge economic impact on agriculture and environment. A surveillance tool, ensuring highest possible sensitivity enabling early detection X. outbreaks, would be paramount importance. So far, pathogen biomarkers are studied by means surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Herein, multiparameter SP...

Murine polyclonal antibodies reactive to the lantibiotic bacteriocin nisin A (nisA) have been produced by immunization with nisA-cholera toxin and nisA-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (nisA-KLH) conjugates. Mice immunized with nisA-cholera toxin developed nisA-specific antibodies with low relative affinities and poor sensitivities, while the immunization of mice with nisA-KLH conjugates resulted in t...

Abrin is a toxic ribosome-inactivating protein present in beans of Abrus precatorius, also known as rosary peas. The possibility that abrin could be used to adulterate food has made the development of assays for the detection of abrin a priority. Rabbit-derived polyclonal antibodies and mouse monoclonal antibodies were prepared against a mixture of abrin isozymes. The specificity and cross-reac...