Water quality deteriorations in the plumbing are mainly resulted from accumulations and biofilm layer formation on pipe surfaces. Biofilms may cause significant health risks human due to its pathogen content. In this study, plumbing, presence of pathogenic microorganisms biofilms their effects water were examined by membrane filtration with dehydrated medium (NPS) method 22 different buildings ...

Distances from the insulation shell of pipelines duringchannelless laying to utility networks are recommended by regulatory documents, but in real conditions it is not always possible comply with these parameters. Calculations have been made verify that gas pipeline can be laid next supply heating network problematic section installation where restrictions met. The soil temperature on wall case...

In this article various pipes used for transporting of gas are introduced and pros and cons of each one are elucidated. The pipes are categorized in three different subgroups including metallic, polymeric and metallic-wire reinforced polymeric pipes. Metallic-wire reinforced polymeric pipes are nominated as the best option for usage in high pressure pipelines transporting natural gas. As a resu...

Free-reed organ pipes were introduced at the end of the 18 century and soon became popular across Europe, especially in Germany and Switzerland. As opposed to striking-reed pipes (boundor beating-reed pipes) the reed in free-reed pipes does not beat against the shallot, an orifice in the reed, when it is played. Instead it swings freely through a perforated rectangular plate of brass, like in r...

Abstract As air pollution has become a major issue in nowadays world, reducing methane emissions from the natural gas transmission systems is an that definitely to be addressed. In order do that, there are few solutions available, such as replacement of steel pipes with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes. The main causes these leaks corrosion defects and third-party interventions. paper pre...

background: various chemicals are used to produce polymers ,leakage of polymer materials over the time , can cause health problems the aim of this research was to evaluate the leakage of heavy metals from the pvc and polypropylene pipes used in the water distribution system in isfahan. methods: four brands of pp pipes and two various types of pvc pipes were analyzed in this study. concentration...

A parametric study on circular thin-walled pipes subjected to pure bending is performed. Both straight and curved pipes are considered. Ratio D/t, initial pipe curvature and internal pressure are the parameters varying in the analyses. The study is mainly FEA-based. It is found that negative curvatures (opposite to bending moment) considerably increase stiffness and buckling limit of the pipe w...