Morphine biosynthesis was genetically engineered in an industrial elite line of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), to modify the production of alkaloids in plants. The cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase (S)-N-methylcoclaurine 3'-hydroxylase (CYP80B3) lies on the pathway to the benzylisoquinoline alkaloid branch point intermediate (S)-reticuline. Overexpression of cyp80b3 cDNA result...

before the start of modern era in iran, opium had a particular importance in daily lives, medicine and, leisure of iranians. this trend even continued up to early years of the twentieth century and iran was a major producer of opium; almost 100 tons annually (karimi;2000). by administrating new tax rules regarding opium production, to determine governmental production and distribution only and ...

As a secondary metabolite produced by opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum ), morphine is valuable subject for research and application purposes within the medical field. Thanks to conducted throughout past few decades, main pathway biosynthesis of has been thoroughly elucidated. In addition, whole genome sequencing evolutionary genomics have provided us with crucial information regarding specific ...

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The following abstracts were presented as posters at the 2013 NEI Psychopharmacology Congress. Congratulations to the Scientific Poster Competition winners of the 2013 NEI Psychopharmacology Congress 1st Place: James Arthur Halgrimson, DO. 2nd Place: Michelle Magid, MD; Jason Reichenberg, MD; and Poppy E. Poth, CCRC. 3rd Place: Kathryn D. Moseley, MS, RD; Colleen G. Azen, MS; Martha Jean Ottina...

a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. 2013 To my wife Cynthia and my cats, Max, Poppy and Chloe, all of whom have had to endure my journey into statistics over the last 8 years.