Posterior wall blowout is an important potential source of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction failures that can be avoided if surgeons adhere to proper technique and are vigilant in confirming appropriate femoral tunnel placement. This article reviews techniques for avoidance, recognition, and salvage of posterior wall blowouts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery.

INTRODUCTION The proximity of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the popliteal artery determines a risk of vascular injury in its suture. The aim of this study is to determine the location of the popliteal artery, and to establish the minimal distance from the posterior wall of the lateral meniscus to the artery, the common peroneal nerve (CPN), and its correlation to other variables...

INTRODUCTION The medial maxillary sinus roof is a ridge formed by the superior margin of the maxillary sinus antrostomy. The posterior wall of the maxillary sinus is always included in operative fields. OBJECTIVE To perform a radiologic study assessing the utility of the medial maxillary sinus roof and the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus as fixed landmarks for providing a safe route of ...

BACKGROUND Bony wall damages in the region of the middle and posterior cranial fossa are usually observed in cases of chronic otitis media. These defects can also be congenital, post-traumatic, iatrogenic or due to tumors. They can potentially lead to the development of intracranial complications. MATERIAL/METHODS We analyzed patients who were diagnosed as having bony wall damage in the regio...

The left ventricular dimension and posterior wall dynamics were studied by computer assisted analysis ofM mode echocardiography in 25 normal children (group 1) and 32 transfusion dependent children with ,1 thalassaemia major who had no evidence of heart failure (group 2). Twenty seven of those in group 2 remained well but five died of cardiac decompensation within 12 months. Compared with group...

A 25 year old female presented to our emergency as a case of G3P2+0 (2A and H), full term pregnancy with intrauterine foetal demise with obstructed labour with severe anaemia. In view of obstructed labour with severe anaemia suspicion of rupture uterus was raised. Abnormal contour of abdomen also raised suspicion of bladder tumour. Here emergency caesarean section was done, peroperatively she w...

The left ventricular dimension and posterior wall dynamics were studied by computer assisted analysis of M mode echocardiography in 25 normal children (group 1) and 32 transfusion dependent children with beta thalassaemia major who had no evidence of heart failure (group 2). Twenty seven of those in group 2 remained well but five died of cardiac decompensation within 12 months. Compared with gr...

BACKGROUND Esophageal injury is a potential complication after intraoperative or percutaneous transcatheter ablation of the posterior aspect of the left atrium. Understanding the spatial relations between the esophagus and the left atrium is essential to reduce risks. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined by gross dissection the course of the esophagus in 15 cadavers. We measured the minimal distan...

PURPOSE To determine the frequency of detection of frontal sinus fractures on initial CT scans of patients with intracranial injuries, and to characterize associated injuries. METHODS The initial head CT scans in 132 patients with clinical or radiographic evidence of a frontal sinus fracture were retrospectively reviewed to further characterize the fracture. Additional radiographic studies an...

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the application of tattooing for the intraoperative localization of posterior wall gastric leiomyoma during laparoscopic resection. The preoperative injection of Indian ink in the tumor-bearing area of the posterior gastric wall eliminates the need to perform anterior wall gastrostomy or intraoperative upper endoscopic tumor localization. METHODS A patient with poster...