Mexiletine as the first choice drug in myotonia treatment is a chiral sodium channel blocker clinically used in its racemic form. The phenolic structure of this drug, prompted us to design its novel calix[4]arene-based cluster in a chalice-shaped structure. Therefore, the present study reports the synthesis and in-vitro anti-myotonic activity of the chalice-shaped cluster of mexiletine...

Lallemantia royleana (Balangu) is a well known Iranian medicinal plant that its seed mucilage has many applications in modern pharmacology. Plant mucilage traditionally was used as a gel supplement, and natural matrix for sustained release of drugs. But it seems that these compounds are not a simple additive and also have many undiscovered pharmacological properties. In this research, the anest...

National reference standards (NRSs) for biologics are established through potency estimation by a multicenter joint study of standard materials used in the approval process for national lot release and quality control of vaccines, blood products, and other biologics. In this study, a stability evaluation was conducted to determine whether the potency of NRSs for six blood products was being mai...

In USA, the potency of commercial vaccines containing Clostridium botulinum type C toxoid is determined by a mink vaccination-challenge assay outlined in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 9, Part 113.110. A more humane potency test is desired, and this study provides preliminary data in support of a serological assay that correlates post-vaccination antitoxin titers of guinea pigs to vacci...

Agonists acting at alpha2 adrenergic and opioid receptors have analgesic properties and act synergistically when co-administered in the spinal cord; this synergy may also contribute to the potency and efficacy of spinally administered morphine. The lack of subtype-selective pharmacological agents has previously impeded the definition of the adrenergic receptor subtype(s) mediating these effects...

a series of 3-alkoxy-4-(4-(hexyloxy/heptyloxy) phenyl)-4h-1,2,4-triazole was synthesized. the anticonvulsant effect and neurotoxicity of the compounds were calculated with maximal electroshock (mes) test and rotarod tests with intraperitoneally injected mice. among the synthesized compounds, compound 3-heptyloxy-4-(4-(hexyloxy) phenyl)-4h-1,2,4-triazole (5f) was the most active one and also had...

ABSTRACT 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Review of 1999 International Conference on Alternatives to Animal Challenge Tests in the Batch Control of Leptospira Vaccines for Veterinary Use Lukas Bruckner, Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland1 ..........

Mosquitoes contribute to main disease burden in India as they are causative agent of many vector-borne diseases. Various methods now being used control the vectors that might help stop spread. In this regard, current study was carried out analyze phytochemicals, ovicidal and repellent activities acetone, chloroform ethanol extracts Sphaeranthus indicus leaves Caesalpinia pulcherrima against vec...

Bentonite is a native, colloidal, hydrated aluminum silicate. It occurs as a very fine, odorless, pale buff or cream-colored powder, free from grit, and has a slightly earthy taste. Although it is insoluble in water, it swells to approximately 12 times its volume when added to water. Bentonite magma is prepared by adding 50 gm. of bentonite to a sufficient quantity of purified water to make 1 l...