In Part 11 of the study, the British Olympic track (sprint) squad cyclists demonstrated reductions in body fat index, % body fat and endomorphy (p > .05), increased Hb and PCV % (p > .05), and lowered HR at rest and in warm-up exercise (p > .05), but no change in leg power. Repeated interval sprints of short duration, maximal exercise on an "ergowheel" ergometer, at standardised power output, s...

Because of the complexity of tracing rays through a gradient refractive index medium, the human eye's lens is sometimes approximated by a shell structure with constant refractive index within shells. In the shell model, power arises from a combination of an axial variation in index and the curvatures of the shell surfaces. We develop an equation which gives the power due to the gradient index o...