In standard treatments of probability, Pr(A|B) is defined as the ratio of Pr(A intersectionB) to Pr(B), provided that Pr(B)>0. This account of conditional probability suggests a psychological question, namely, whether estimates of Pr(A|B) arise in the mind via implicit calculation of Pr(A intersectionB)/Pr(B). We tested this hypothesis (Experiment 1) by presenting brief visual scenes composed o...

The reaction of praseodymium nitrate and 4-tert-butyl-benzoic acid (tBBAH) in aqueous solution yielded the dinuclear title complex, [Pr(2)(C(11)H(13)O(2))(6)(C(11)H(14)O(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)], which has non-crystallographic C(i) symmetry. The two Pr(III) ions are linked by two bridging and two bridging-chelating tBBA ligands, with a Pr⋯Pr separation of 4.0817 (9) Å. Each Pr(III) ion is nine-coordin...

Aberrant up-regulation of aromatase in eutopic endometrium and implants from women with endometriosis has been reported. Aromatase induction may be mediated by increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Recently, we demonstrated that progesterone receptor (PR)-A and PR-B serve an antiinflammatory role in the uterus by antagonizing nuclear factor kappaB activation and COX-2 expression. PR-C, which anta...

A novel platinum-mediated process involving intermolecular activation of a C(aryl)-H bond of toluene, intramolecular activation of an imine C(aryl)-Cl bond and formation of a C-C bond is reported.

Generation of azomethine imine and its scope in regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (DC) of imine with PhIO toward highly substituted Delta(2)-1,2,4-triazoline, 1,2,4-triazole, and their fused, chiral, and sugar-based analogues are demonstrated.

Probabilistic ontologies incorporate uncertain and incomplete information into domain ontologies, allowing uncertainty in attributes of and relationships among domain entities to be represented in a consistent and coherent manner. The probabilistic ontology language PR-OWL provides OWL constructs for representing multi-entity Bayesian network (MEBN) theories. Although compatibility with OWL was...

The report on “Pityriasis rosea (PR) in chronic hepatitis C” is very interesting (1). Güner et al. (1) noted that this is “the first case of PR found in a patient with chronic hepatitis C while receiving Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) alpha 2b and ribavirin.” In fact, the cause of the existence of PR in hepatitis C is an interesting issue. Recurrence of hepatitis C following existence of PR is ...

3,3'-Diiodothyronine (3,3'-T(2)) has been detected in human serum and in thyroglobulin. However, no quantitative assessment of its clearance rate (CR), production rate (PR), or of the importance of extrathyroidal sources of 3,3'-T(2) relative to direct thyroidal secretion is yet available. This study examines these parameters in seven euthyroid subjects, and in eight athyreotic subjects (H) eum...

A set S of vertices in a graph G is a paired-dominating set of G if every vertex of G is adjacent to some vertex in S and if the subgraph induced by S contains a perfect matching. The maximum cardinality of a minimal paired-dominating set of G is the upper paired-domination number of G, denoted by pr(G). We establish bounds on pr(G) for connected claw-free graphs G in terms of the number n of v...