5936 words 36634 signs 1. Epistemic normativity 2. Norms of rationality 3. Epistemic norms and concepts 4. The Ur-Norm of truth 5. Epistemic norms and epistemic values 1. Epistemic normativity When we evaluate our beliefs and our reasonings as justified or unjustified, good or bad, rational or irrational, we make, in a broad sense of the term, normative judgements about them. It is often said t...

The assumption of rationality is both one of the most important and most controversial assumptions of modern economics. This article discusses what current experimental economic as well as neuroscience research tells us about the relationship between rationality and the mechanisms of human decision-making. The article explores the meaning of rationality, with a discussion of the distinction bet...

Given that more than 30% of healthcare costs are wasted on inappropriate care, suboptimal care is increasingly connected to the quality of medical decisions. It has been argued that personal decisions are the leading cause of death, and 80% of healthcare expenditures result from physicians' decisions. Therefore, improving healthcare necessitates improving medical decisions, ie, making decisions...

A theory of rationality is a theory that evaluates instances of reasoning as rational, irrational, or (ir)rational to some degree. Theories can be categorized as rule-based or consequentialist. Rule-based theories say that rational reasoning accords with certain rules (e.g., of logic or probability). Consequentialist theories say that rational reasoning tends to produce good consequences. For i...

Organizational theorists built their knowledge of decision-making through a progressive critique of rational choice theory. Their positioning towards rationality however, is at odds with the observation of rationality persistence in organizational life. This paper addresses this paradox. It proposes a new perspective on rationality that allows the theorizing of the production of rational decisi...

This chapter reviews selected findings in research on reasoning, judgment, and choice and considers the systematic ways in which people violate basic requirements of the corresponding normative analyses. Recent objections to the empirical findings are then considered; these objections question the findings' relevance to assumptions about rationality. These objections address the adequacy of the...

Best-response sets (Pearce [29, 1984]) characterize the epistemic condition of “rationality and common belief of rationality.” When rationality incorporates a weak-dominance (admissibility) requirement, the self-admissible set (SAS) concept (Brandenburger-Friedenberg-Keisler [18, 2008]) characterizes “rationality and common assumption of rationality.” We analyze the behavior of SAS’s in some ga...

In this paper it is argued that the mechanistic framework allows only a very limited understanding of organizational rationality and that the concept of organizational rationality needs serious reconsideration, based on the assumption that theoretical understanding and articulation are the corner-stones of rationality. After a brief discussion about the fundamental importance of rationality for...

Abstract According to Husserl, the mathematization of lifeworld involves reducing it, as object knowledge, what is measurable, well excluding other forms knowledge it. This has important implications in relation modern conception rationality, and, significantly, practical rationality. More precisely, it issues an impoverishment notion reason. article examines idea that process commodification a...

The present article intends to outline Kant's incompatibilism compatibilism. Kant defends, besides the compatibility of freedom with determinism, compatibilism incompatibilism. Although commonplace, discussion regarding character or in an exclusionary sense is unproductive and doomed failure. Kantian solution implies famous problematic two-world theory. Are we citizens two worlds do attribute m...