BACKGROUND Protein aggregation during monoclonal antibody (mAb) production can occur in upstream and downstream processing (DSP). Current methods to determine aggregate formation during cell culture include size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with a previous affinity chromatography step in order to remove disturbing cell culture components. The pre-purification step itself can already influence...

Background: The fibroblast growth factors (FGF-4) are a group of heparin-binding single chain polypeptides that play a pivotal role in development, cell growth, tissue repairing and transformation. The aim of this study is to improve development and maturation outcome of vitrified mouse pre-antral follicle by adding of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) into medium culture. Materials and Methods: P...

We studied the effects of different media for callus induction and differentiation, and pre-culture period of immature wheat embryo culture on biolistic transformation efficiency for including antifreeze gene KN2 and bar conferring resistance to the herbicide bialaphos. The percentage of plantlets generated from induction and differentiation media without Cu2+ was lower than those cultured on d...

Standard tissue culture practices involve propagating cells on tissue culture polystyrene (TCP) dishes, which are flat, 2-dimensional (2D) and orders of magnitude stiffer than most tissues in the body. Such simplified conditions lead to phenotypical cell changes and altered cell behaviors. Hence, much research has been focused on developing novel biomaterials and culture conditions that more cl...

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are cell lines derived from the mammalian pre-implantation embryo. Here we assess the impact of derivation and culture conditions on both functional potency and ESC transcriptional identity. Individual ESCs cultured in either two small-molecule inhibitors (2i) or with knockout serum replacement (KOSR), but not serum, can generate high-level chimeras regardless of how...