The dynamics of topological open branes is controlled by Nambu Brackets. Thus, they might be quantized through the consistent quantization of the underlying Nambu brackets, including odd ones: these are reachable systematically from even brackets, whose more tractable properties have been detailed before. The classical motion of topological open membranes is controlled by Nambu Brackets, the mu...

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Frictional forces are considered as important counterforce to orthodontic tooth movement. It is claimed that self-ligating brackets reduce the frictional forces. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the resistance to sliding in metallic and clear Damon brackets with the conventional brackets in a wet condition. MATERIALS AND METHOD The samples included 4 typ...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of bracket type on the labiopalatal moments generated by lingual and conventional brackets. Incognito™ lingual brackets (3M Unitek), STb™ lingual brackets (Light Lingual System; ORMCO), In-Ovation L lingual brackets (DENTSPLY GAC), and conventional 0.018 inch slot brackets (Gemini; 3M Unitek) were bonded on identical maxillary acrylic resin models ...

BACKGROUND Although much has been written on the implications of friction generated between orthodontic archwires and labial brackets, information on lingual brackets is still limited. Hence, we set out to investigate the frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets, including both conventional and self-ligating designs. The effect of various factors, namely bracket/ba...

introdouction: according to the importance of enamel discoloration and controversy regarding the effect of different orthodontic bonding materials on tooth discoloration, the aim of this study was to determine enamel discoloration following orthodontic brackets using different bonding materials. materials and methods: this in-vitro study, 30 recently extracted human premolars with intact enamel...

Braces are used by orthodontists to correct the misalignment of teeth in the mouth. Archwire rotation is a particular procedure used to correct tooth inclination. Wire rotation can result in deformation to the orthodontic brackets, and an orthodontic torque simulator has been designed to examine this wire-bracket interaction. An optical technique has been employed to measure the deformation due...

The existing constructions of derived Lie and sh-Lie brackets involve multilinear maps that are used to define higher order differential operators. In this paper, we prove the equivalence of three different definitions of higher order operators. We then introduce a unifying theme for building derived brackets and show that two prevalent derived Lie bracket constructions are equivalent. Two basi...