On June 18, 1982, the United States Supreme Court issued its long-awaited opinion in the "right to refuse treatment" case Mills (previously Okin) v. Rogers. I The Su~reme Court stated that the case posed a substantive issue, "a definition of l a] protected constitutional interest, as well as identification ofthe conditions under which competing state interests might outweigh it," and a procedur...

In the 1980 case of Vitek v. Jones, I the United States Supreme Court held that the transfer of a prison inmate to a mental hospital required an administrative hearing to determine whether the transfer was appropriate. This decision "broke new ground in the area of corrections law" since it concluded that "at least one change in a prisoner's status, by its very nature, could not be accomplished...

Since the Restitution of Land Rights Act 22 1994 came into operation, courts have come to attach considerable significance historian expert testimony when ruling on land claims that made it court. Therefore, a universal approach had be adopted. Over years Supreme Court Appeal and Constitutional developed tried tested methodologies aid in determining weight admissibility witness' testimony. In S...

Previous studies suggest a significant role of language in the court room, yet none has identified a definitive correlation between vocal characteristics and court outcomes. This paper demonstrates that voice-based snap judgments based solely on the introductory sentence of lawyers arguing in front of the Supreme Court of the United States predict outcomes in the Court. In this study, participa...

Progressive reformers envisioned a therapeutic juvenile court that made individualized treatment decisions in the child's "best interests." The Supreme Court's Gault decision provided the impetus for transforming the juvenile court from an informal welfare agency into a scaled-down criminal court. Since Gault, the juvenile court procedures increasingly resemble those of adult courts, although i...

5 As to the fundamental question shaking the National Patent System (NPS) since several years, the heat is not over yet. But clarity has increased looming largely at a series of national high level conferences addressing this issue – e.g. the FCBA conference, Ashville, 17.20.06.2014; the PTO’s respective hearing, Alexandria, 22.07.2014; the CASRIP, Seattle, 23.-24.07.2014. This groundbreaking q...

In the 2016 case Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt, the US Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional the Texas requirements that abortion [2] providers have admitting privileges at local hospitals and that abortion [2] facilities meet ambulatory surgical center standards. Whole Woman?s Health represented abortion [2] care providers in Texas and brought the case against the commissioner for the Tex...

The legal obligation to disclose was established in the 1990s, but the law became harsher in 2012 when the Supreme Court of Canada decided that people living with HIV must disclose their status before having sex that poses a “realistic possibility of HIV transmission” in R. v. Mabior and R. v. D.C.1 The Supreme Court characterized even very small risks of HIV transmission as “a realistic possib...

We estimate an equilibrium model of decision-making in the US Supreme Court which takes into account both private information and ideological differences between justices. We measure the value of information in the court by the probability that a justice votes differently from how she would have voted without case-specific information. Our results suggest a sizable value of information: in 44% ...

Empirically oriented scholars often struggle with how to measure preferences across time and institutional contexts. This article characterizes these difficulties and provides a measurement approach that incorporates information that bridges time and institutions in a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to ideal point measurement. The resulting preference estimates for presidents, senato...