A simple method is described for growing rat embryos in vitro for 48 hr from head-fold to early limb-bud stages at rates of development and protein synthesis indistinguishable from those in vivo. Culture of the embryos can be continued for longer periods but at a reduced growth rate. Preheating the culture serum to 56 degrees C for 30 min improves embryonic development, but raising the culture ...

This paper deals with an experimental investigation on the friction stir welding of pure copper. 4 mm thick copper plates have been welded in the butt joint configuration using a conical unthreaded tool, with and without preheating. An electrically heated backing plate has been employed to increase the initial temperature of the plates and to investigate the influence of pre-heating on the weld...

We consider inhomogeneous preheating in a multi-field trapping model. The curvature perturbation is generated by inhomogeneous preheating which induces multi-field trapping at the enhanced symmetric point (ESP), and results in fluctuation in the number of e-foldings. Instead of considering simple reheating after preheating, we consider a scenario of shoulder inflation induced by the trapping. T...

The time course of change in thermosensitivity of SCK tumor cells in vivo was investigated following preheating at 43.5 degrees for 30 min. At varying times after the preheating with water bath, tumors were subjected to graded doses of second heating at 43.5 degrees in vivo, and cell survival was determined by using in vitro cloning method. Thermosensitivity of the tumor cells in vivo [duration...

The thermostimulated luminescence (TSL) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements were carried out for ten biogenic shells at room temperature (RT) and various temperatures in the range 200-800°C, at an interval of 50°C, for 1 hr duration. The glow curves of unannealed sample show only one peak at 330°C. The sample irradiated with a gamma dose of 500 Gy shows an additional peak at 130°...

In this paper, the exergoeconomic analysis was conducted to an existing ultra-supercritical coal-fired power plant in China to understand the cost-formation process, to evaluate the economic performance of each component and to find possible solutions for more cost-effective designs. The total revenue requirement (TRR) and the specific exergy costing (SPECO) methods were applied for economic an...