Precocious puberty (PP) has traditionally been defined as pubertal changes occurring before age 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. A secular trend toward earlier puberty has now been confirmed by recent studies in both the United States and Europe. Factors associated with earlier puberty include obesity, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), and intrauterine growth restriction. In 1997, a st...

introduction: preterm birth is still a major health problem throughout the world, which results in 75% of neonatal mortality. preterm labor not only inflicts financial and emotional distress, it may also lead to permanent disability. the present study was conducted to determine the related risk factors and preventive measures of preterm labor. methods: this retrospective cross-sectional study a...

Due to a steady trend towards an increase in the incidence of various gynecological diseases, one most significant problems modern society is protection reproductive health girls and adolescents. Diseases that are asymptomatic or with erased clinical presentation but have impact on potential young population deserve close attention. Purpose. To reveal prevalence diseases among female neutral, p...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between breast vascularity level and Tanner staging in evaluation thelarche, compare Doppler methods for demonstrating vascularity.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Girls aged 6–10 who were referred radiology clinic with a complaint swelling prediagnosed precocious puberty October December 2017 included study. Breast ultrasonography (US) co...

abstract background: parent–infant attachment is an important factor in accepting parenting role, accelerating infant survival, and adjusting to the environment outside the uterus. since family supportive interventions can strengthen the parent–infant caring relationship, this study sought to investigate the relationship between mother–infant attachment and satisfaction of the mothers with the ...

premature ovarian failure (pof) is a heterogeneous syndrome with several causative factors. autoimmune mechanisms are involved in pathogenesis of 4-30 % of pof cases. the present review focuses on the role of autoimmunity in the pathophysiology of pof. the evidences for an autoimmune etiology are: demonstration of ovarian autoantibodies, the presence of lymphocytic oophoritis, and association w...

Phthalates are a family of industrial chemicals that have been used for a variety of purposes. As the potential consequences of human exposure to phthalates have raised concerns in the general population, they have been studied in susceptible subjects such as pregnant women, infants and children. This article aims at evaluating the impact of exposure to phthalates on reproductive outcomes and c...