In this paper we study the exploitation of a one species forest plantation when timber price is governed by a stochastic process. The work focuses on providing closed expressions for the optimal harvesting policy in terms of the parameters of the price process and the discount factor. We assume that harvest is restricted to mature trees older than a certain age and that the growth after maturit...

this paper represents a complete survey on generation companies’ (gencos’) optimal bidding strategy problem in restructured power markets. in this regard after an introduction to competitive electricity markets, concept of optimal bidding strategy is presented. considering large amount of works accomplished in this area a novel classification is implemented in order to categorize the existing d...

In Part II of this two-part paper, we analyze the marginal prices derived in Part I of this two-part paper within a robust optimization framework. The load and generation are priced at Locational Marginal Price (LMP) while the uncertainty and generation reserve are priced at Uncertainty Marginal Price (UMP). The Financial Transmission Right (FTR) underfunding is demonstrated when there is trans...

We study a model with repeated moral hazard where financial contracts are not fully indexed to inflation because nominal prices are observed with delay, as in Jovanovic & Ueda (1997). More constrained firms sign contracts that are less indexed to inflation, and as a result, their investment is more sensitive to nominal price shocks. We also find that the overall degree of nominal indexation inc...

abstract producing of flowers and ornamental plants in iran has some challenges and failure in the market structure and marketing of these products. in this study, we evaluated the different marketing channels of flowers and ornamental plants in the existing market structure according to economic criteria and the characteristics of market structure. cut-rose and esfahan province were selected a...

This article develops supply contracts covering environments with changing prices. We investigate characterization properties of the price processes, while considering costs and discount factors. We determine expressions of the contract’s expected low price and its second moment for a given horizon. We then employ these expected price and second moment values to identify an expected optimum tim...

Numerous contract scenarios in information technology goods and services, telecommunications, digital entertainment, and supply chain contracting feature demand uncertainty for individual customers (demand is subject to idiosyncratic demand shocks that change marginal valuations). Sellers in these scenarios often use non-linear pricing mechanisms (flat rate, two part tariffs, three-part tariffs...

Probability theory is the standard economic representation of uncertainty, although it is not always an accurate one. Fuzzy logic is an alternative representation that does not require individual beliefs regarding the explicit functional form of uncertainty. This paper applies fuzzy logic to an oligopoly trigger pricing game. The fuzzy trigger pricing game reverses the standard cyclical price w...

Most studies that compare price and quantity controls for greenhouse gas emissions under uncertainty find that price mechanisms perform substantially better. In these studies, the benefits from reducing emissions are proportional to the level of reductions, and such linear benefits strongly favor price policies (Weitzman 1974). Catastrophic damages, however, challenge that intuition as conseque...

Abstract: When a firm must choose price and output before observing demand and therefore risks unsold output, the standard mark-up rule applies with the elasticity being the elasticity of the average quantity sold with respect to price and marginal cost being the marginal cost of an expected unit sold, computed as the marginal cost of a unit produced divided by the expected fraction of the marg...