The common printed circuit board (PCB) built of G10 or FR4 glass epoxy materials will easily bend under moderate forces. Almost all processes involved in populating these boards can involve bending the board many times unknowingly. High stresses transmitted to small areas of the board are of greatest concern. Manufacturing efficiencies improved by processing small PCBs as a group of multiple ci...

A research project has been carried out for the last five years, the subject of which is to develop effective methods to control electromagnetic noise radiation from digital electronic devices. Engineering approaches were chosen and some new modeling methods of electromagnetic phenomena around a printed circuit board are shortly described in relation to EMI subjects. Those results have been com...

We describe a simple electrospray interface incorporating a long drift region and a DC ion carpet. The function of the drift region is to thermalize and desolvate the ions. It has a series of ring electrodes supplied with RF and DC voltages, which radially confine and transport ions towards the DC ion carpet. The DC ion carpet consists of a series of concentric rings on a planar printed circuit...

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This paper presents a planar multi-pole electromagnetic energy harvesting transducer. We report on the design, manufacture, and performance results of integrated devices based on this transducer. The transducer leverages recent advancements in the manufacture of multi-pole magnets and can be implemented in a very cost effective manner using printed circuit board (PCB) technology. The basic tran...

The advantages of using multi-head gantry machines in printed circuit board assembly are flexibility and efficiency combined with a relatively low acquisition price. However, the practical efficiency of this machine type depends on several difficult decisions that have to be made by a machine operator. In this paper two basic problems that have a significant effect on the use of a gantry machin...

A hybrid finite element method/method of moments (FEM/MoM) technique is used to analyze a printed circuit board power bus structure where the source and observation points are in the near field. The FEM is used to model the lossy region between the planes of the board including the source. The MoM is used to model the region outside the planes and provide a radiation boundary condition to termi...

In this paper, we propose a model and algorithms to solve a load balancing problem on a printed circuit board assembly line. On this line of two identical machines, the problem of allocation of component types to machines is analyzed in detail. Twenty eight dispatching rules are developed and extensive computational experimentation is performed. It has been observed that the imbalance per board...

It has long been known that for certain narrowly defined problems, special-purpose processors can achieve significant cost/performance gains over general purpose machines. We describe one such processor here: a custom accelerator for gene sequence analysis,. The use of rapid prototyping technology was crucial in our efforts to produce a working system in a short amount of time. Field programmab...

A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) consists of circuit with electronic components mounted on surface. There are three main steps involved in manufacturing process, where the inspection of PCB is necessary to reduce the defects. First step is printing, second step is the components fabrication over the PCB surface and third is the components soldering. In this paper Machine Vision PCB Inspection Syst...