Government policies are critical in determining the rate of economic growth, the levels of private investment and the magnitude of credit to the private sector. Since the adoption of the economic recovery programmes (ERPs) in 1986, Tanzania has embarked on policies that aim to rebalance the role of public and private sector in the economy and thus emphasize private sector development. This is a...

BACKGROUND In recent years, China has experienced tremendous growth in its pharmaceutical industry. Both the Chinese government and private investors are motivated to invest into pharmaceutical research and development (R&D). However, studies regarding the different behaviors of public and private investment in pharmaceutical R&D are scarce. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the current...

the authors examine the effects of government expenditure on economic growth in iran, using annual data for the period of 1973-2003. in this paper, they lookat the offects of human, physical capital, and government budget on gdp. in the model developed in this paper, accumulation of human capital is dependent on physical. human capital, and government budget as well. the result indicate that go...

Pritha Mitra In India, the relationship between government investment and private investment is a controversial issue. Economic theory suggests that government investment, financed by borrowing, reduces the loanable funds available for private investment, driving up interest rates, and reducing the level of private investment. If, as Keynesians argue, the positive impact of increased government...

hearings, according to the general principles, appear in open courts. therefore, confidential and private hearings are exeptional by legal stipulation. this exeption is depicted and stipulated in arbitration. the charactristics of arbitration are being confidential and private. these two are main points for reterring to arbitration. in jurisprudence, the consensus is only on the private aspect ...

irtual Private Network (VPN) is one of the major trends in the integrated broadband communications environment. There is a myriad of definitions of a VPN used in the networking community to describe a broad set of problems and solutions. In [1], Ferguson et al. define a VPN as a communications environment in which access is controlled to permit peer connections only within a defined community o...

ecause a large number of tourists come to  Mashhad, this city has a high potential for the development of tourism-related activities. Therefore, it is necessary to equip resources for tourism activities and investment in this regard. Despite the highest tourism potential in Mashhad, there are great opportunities for the tourism industry, which has not been fully identified and has not been made...

Hurricane Katrina did massive damage because New Orleans and the Gulf Coast were not appropriately protected. Wherever natural disasters threaten, the government – in its traditional role as public goods provider – must decide what level of protection to provide to an area. It does so by purchasing protective capital, such as levees for a low-lying city. (“Protection” also consists of not impos...