INTRODUCTION Postmenopausal osteoporosis may modulate bone response to wear debris. In this article, we evaluate the influence of oestrogen deficiency on experimental particle-induced osteolysis. METHODS Polyethylene (PE) particles were implanted onto the calvaria of normal controls, sham-ovariectomized (OVX), OVX mice and OVX mice supplemented with oestrogen (OVX+E). After 14 days, seven sku...

“greatest happiness principle” holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness, is intended pleasure and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain and the privation of pleasure. To give a clear view of the moral standard set up by the theory, much more requires to be said; in particular, what thin...

BACKGROUND The views of people with enduring mental ill health have received limited exploration. Existing work has largely focused on patients in specialist mental health settings, rather than on a wider range of patients in the community. AIM To explore experiences and perceptions of health care of people with enduring mental ill health. DESIGN OF STUDY A community-based qualitative study...

During the cardiac cycle a complex series of fluid shifts occur within the skull in order to protect the brain from the pressure variations which occur in the cerebral arteries. The extracerebral intracranial arteries dilate during systole generating a pressure wave within the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). This pressure wave is dissipated by flow of CSF into the compliant spinal subarachnoid spa...

Understanding the link between early and later circumstances is vital to enhancing our understanding of basic physiological, social, and economic mechanisms in operation over the entire life course, to identifying the protective factors that mitigate the negative effects of some early life experiences, and to designing effective interventions that reduce the long-term costs of adverse early lif...

In one of his scholarly and thoughful essays Dr. Parkes Weber (1946) comments on the great reserve power of various organs in the ordinary healthy young adult, who seldom has to call upon the full reserves of heart or brain, for example; but in times of abundance he may sorely tax his alimentary resources and lead the life of a " digestive athlete." One might remark that the skin has plenty in ...

SLEEP AND THE DEPRIVATION OF SLEEP ARE BECOMING IMPORTANT ISSUES IN EVERYDAY LIFE. SLEEP DEPRIVATION HAS CONSEQUENCES FOR PUBLIC safety and health. Some obvious problems concern attention, vigilance, and fatigue,1 but less obvious ones are cardiovascular problems and obesity.2 Sleep deprivation is known to cause molecular, physiological, and behavioral changes. It changes the expression of imme...

At the hospital 41 children from 37 families were identified as having had illness induced by a parent who in all but three cases was the mother. Their case records were reviewed. Four patterns of presentation occurred; failure-to-thrive through the active withholding of food; allegation of allergy and withholding of food; allegation and fabrication of medical symptoms; and active interference ...

BACKGROUND The literature is scarce on the social and geographic inequalities in the access to and implementation of the fluoridation of public water supplies. This study adds knowledge to the Brazilian experience of the chronic privation of water and wastewater policies, access to potable water and fluoridation in the country. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify possible inequalities in ...

INTRODUCTION Adipocyte size and body fat distribution are strongly linked to the metabolic complications of obesity. The aim of the present study was to test the plasticity of white adipose tissue in response to insulin deprivation and replacement. We have characterized the changes of adipose cell size repartition and gene expressions in type 1 diabetes Sprague-Dawley rats and type 1 diabetic s...