Vehicles makers are now extremely concerned by the perceived quality of their products. For the design of many parts of vehicles, sensory profiling techniques are used, which are traditionally carried out by experts. These tests incur a significant financial effort and are time consuming. We propose in this paper an evaluation method with naive subjects, based on paired comparisons. Two studies...

BACKGROUND The recent advent of 3D photography has created the potential for comprehensive facial evaluation. However, lack of practical true 3D analysis of the information collected from 3D images has been the factor limiting widespread utilization in orthodontics. Current evaluation of 3D facial soft tissue images relies on subjective visual evaluation and 2D distances to assess facial dishar...

In this paper, we present an effective algorithm to construct a 3D shape atlas for the left ventricle of heart from cardiac Magnetic Resonance Image data. We derive a framework that creates a 3D object mesh from a 2D stack of contours, based on geometry processing algorithms and a semi-constrained deformation method. The geometry processing methods include decimation, detail preserved smoothing...

In 2003, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a head-and-face anthropometric survey of diverse, civilian respirator users. Of the 3,997 subjects measured using traditional anthropometric techniques, surface scans and 26 three-dimensional (3D) landmark locations were collected for 947 subjects. The objective of this study was to report the size and shape va...

In this paper, individual differences scaling (INDSCAL) is revisited, considering INDSCAL as being embedded within a hierarchy of individual difference scaling models. We explore the members of this family, distinguishing (i) models, (ii) the role of identification and substantive constraints, (iii) criteria for fitting models and (iv) algorithms to optimise the criteria. Model formulations may...

BACKGROUND In the long-lasting debate of extraction versus non-extraction treatment, the impact of extractions on the skeletal vertical dimension remains rather unclear. The aim of this retrospective research study was to obtain a bias-free sample of morphologically similar borderline patients treated with or without extraction of the four first premolars and to retrospectively evaluate the ver...

We consider the problem of comparing sizes and shapes of objects when landmark data are prone to measurement error. We show that naive implementation of ordinary Procrustes analysis that ignores measurement error can compromise inference. To account for measurement error, we propose the conditional score method for matching configurations, which guarantees consistent inference under mild model ...

Consider a configuration of k points or landmarks in R, represented as a k × m matrix X0. For many purposes, it is not the configuration of X0 which is of importance but its shape, that is, its equivalence class under an appropriate group of transformations. One important type of shape is projective shape. Let X = [1k, X0] be a k × p matrix, where p = m + 1, containing the landmark positions in...

Superimposition is a composition technique that has been applied successfully in several areas of software development. In order to unify several languages and tools that rely on superimposition, we present an underlying language-independent model that is based on feature structure trees (FSTs). Furthermore, we offer a tool, called FSTComposer, that composes software components represented by F...